Many had hoped that the disastrous project was finally done for in November 2015, when the Obama administration vetoed the pipelineacknowledging its pervasive threats to climate, ecosystems, drinking water sources, and public health. In this case, people willing, hopeful, almost dying for him to be the Barack Obama of 2008. There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. TC Energy Corp., the Canadian company that owns the Keystone XL pipeline with the Alberta government, has said more than 1,000 people are out of work because of Biden's executive order. However, current US president Joe Biden has now opposed the project by canceling permits of this project. Pipeline under construction in Alberta, Canada. But the groundswell of public protest was up against a formidable opponenthundreds of millions spent on lobbying by the fossil fuel industry. In addition, When the State Department released the original proposal ERM had submitted to secure the SEIS contract, portions of the work histories of key personnel were redacted. [49] A 9,700 barrels (1,540m3) leak occurred in Marshall County, South Dakota in November 2017. ET Recently, a leak in the Keystone Pipeline caused thousands of barrels of oil to spill into a creek in Kansas, causing immense environmental damage. The report blamed the discrepancy on a failure to take account of the increase in consumption due to the drop in the price of oil that would be spurred by the pipeline. One of the central arguments made by pipeline pushers was that tar sands expansion will move forward with or without Keystone XL. Additionally, it will cause havoc on labor organizations and environmentalists looking to address global climate change. In February 2011, the Keystone-Cushing extension (Phase II) was completed running 468 kilometres (291mi) from Steele City to a tank farm in Cushing, Oklahoma. Opponents of this projectnow called the Gulf Coast Pipelinesay that TC Energy took advantage of legal loopholes to push the pipeline through, obtaining authorization under a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers nationwide permit and dodging the more rigorous vetting process for individual permits, which requires public input. This is a debate about whether you want to get your oil from Canada or Venezuela or Nigeria. The Keystone Pipeline was shut down mid-November 2017 after it leaked an initial estimate of 210,000 gallons of crude oil in Amherst, South Dakota, . TC Energy is the Canadian pipeline company that planned to build the Keystone XL pipeline, which would have spanned from Hardisty, Alberta, to Steele City, Nebraska. The estimate of 2,000 during construction came under heavy attack, while the long-term, permanent job estimates did not receive as much criticism. Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. [68] The pollsters said that the support for the Keystone pipeline project by provincial NDP government and the federal Liberal government under Trudeau had a positive impact on Canadians' attitudes of the project. Without Keystone XL, the tar sands industry has been forced to cancel projects rather than shift to rail, subsequently leaving more of the earths dirtiest fuel in the ground where it belongs. [17], A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited"[18]) Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta, and Steele City, Nebraska, by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe. its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. In 2010 Glen Perry, a petroleum engineer for Adira Energy, warned that including the Alberta Clipper pipeline owned by TransCanada's competitor Enbridge, there is an extensive overcapacity of oil pipelines from Canada. As the original caretakers, we know what it will take to ensure these lands are available for generations to come. On the campaign trail, Biden vowed to cancel the Keystone XL cross-border permit should he win the presidencyand on his first day in office, he made good on that promise. [135] As of October 17, 2011, TransCanada had "34 eminent domain actions against landowners in Texas" and "22 in South Dakota". [3] The leak was detected near Washington County, Kansas, and spilled into Mill Creek, a creek that flows directly into the Little Blue River (Kansas/Nebraska). But the path to victory wasnt always clear. In its November 11 response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. We would score a victory, and it would have huge ramifications for holding off construction at critical times, says NRDC attorney Cecilia Segal, who has worked on KXL litigation since 2017. [4][5], In January 2014, the U.S. Department of State's (DoS) January 2014 "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" (SEIS) said that, "because of broader market dynamics and options for crude oil transport in the North American logistics system, the upstream and downstream activities are unlikely to be substantially different whether or not the proposed Project is constructed". Tar sands oil is thicker, more acidic, and more corrosive than lighter conventional crude, and this ups the likelihood that a pipeline carrying it will leak. On November 22, 2011, the Nebraska unicameral legislature passed unanimously two bills with the governor's signature that enacted a compromise agreed upon with the pipeline builder to move the route, and approved up to US$2million in state funding for an environmental study. The notorious tar sands pipeline was a lightning rod in the fight against climate change and the seemingly unstoppable oil industry. It appears that the government review process for Keystone XL has been completely fair. [19] It would have run through Baker, Montana, where American-produced light crude oil from the Williston Basin (Bakken formation) of Montana and North Dakota would have been added[12] to the Keystone's throughput of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) and diluted bitumen (dilbit) from the oil sands of Canada. [84][85], In October 2019, the State Department solicited comments on its new draft supplemental environmental impact statement. Additionally, the review process for the KXL pipeline project was outsourced by the US government to a company that has close ties with TransCanada. The pipeline threat is gone, but the damage to their property and lives is already done. 398 arrests were made of people tying themselves to the White House fence with zip-ties and lying on a black tarp in front of the fence. [15] Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000m3) per day to the Texas refineries. All facets of the tar sands industry pose a threat to the environment. [135] In his book The Pipeline and the Paradigm, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. Fact: The Keystone Pipeline System was over half complete. [62] The Keystone XL Pipeline bill was not officially sent to President Obama, starting the official ten-day count towards the bill becoming law without presidential signature, until February 24, 2015. [69], In mid-2016, a lateral pipeline to refineries at Houston, Texas and a terminal was completed, and was online in 2017. It was constructed in 2010 and went online in February 2011.[3]. The study found that the pipeline would have limited adverse environmental impacts, but was authored by a firm that had "previously worked on projects with TransCanada and describes the pipeline company as a 'major client' in its marketing materials". We will The Alberta government placed a $30,000 ad entitled "Keystone XL: The Choice of Reason" in. . For companies considering whether to invest in a long-lived tar sands project (which could last for 50 years), access to cheap pipeline capacity plays a major role in the decision to move forward or not. A fourth, proposed pipeline expansion segment Phase IV, Keystone XL, failed to receive necessary permits from the United States federal government in 2015. 2022. Later, fossil fuel companies funnelled millions into Trumps 2017 inauguration ceremony, days after which he brought the Keystone XL project back from the dead, and ramped up federal lobbying efforts in the first months of his administration. history". The House Energy and Commerce Committee's chairman at the time, Representative Henry Waxman, had also urged the State Department to block Keystone XL for greenhouse gas emission reasons. On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order[21] to revoke the permit[22] that was granted to TC Energy Corporation for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). [160][161][162] These numbers have been disputed by an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute, which found that while the Keystone XL would result in 2,500 to 4,650 temporary construction jobs, the impact will be reduced by higher oil prices in the Midwest, which will likely reduce national employment. When the Obama administration refused to grant the cross-border permit necessary to build TC Energys Keystone XL oil pipeline in November 2015, it struck a blow against polluting powers and acknowledged the consensus on this misguided project from a wide swath of communities, experts, and organizations. Leading climate scientist and former NASA researcher James Hansen has warned that fully exploiting Canadas tar sands reserves by moving forward with these projects would mean game over for our climate. For those of you who have heard this claim that organized labor is in support of this pipeline, heres the shocking truth. "[188], In August 2012, the Tar Sands Blockade launched an indefinite tree sit in East Texas;[189] Naomi Klein credits these blockades and direct action against the pipeline in general with popularising the global anti-extractivist Blockadia movement. [169], In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal ports on the Gulf of Mexico for export to China and other countries. Fact: It appears that the government review process for Keystone XL has been completely fair. Its costly both to produce and to ship, particularly by rail, which would be an alternative to Keystone XL. They then started rising again from late April. [20], The pipeline became well known when the proposed KXL extension attracted opposition from environmentalists with concerns about climate change and fossil fuels. At the time the presidential cross-border permit was revoked, construction of the 1,120-mile Keystone XL segment was on track to be completed in 2022, with operations starting in early 2023. But immediately after taking office, President Donald Trump brought the zombie project back to life, along with the legal battles against it. Initially, President Obama put this project on hold, but Donald Trump turned it and gave it a green flag. On March 28, 2017, his State Department illegally approved a cross-border permit for the pipeline, reversing the Obama administrations prior determination that KXL would not serve the national interest. [26][42][43], In June 2010, Keystone Pipeline (Phase I) was completed and was delivering oil from Hardisty, Alberta, over 3,456 kilometres (2,147mi) to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska, and on to Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois, and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub north of Patoka, Illinois. [41] and in March 2010, the National Energy Board approved the project. [53], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest. February 2012. [39] The pipeline, from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada, to Patoka, Illinois, United States, became operational in June 2010. [92], On March 31, 2020, CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. [240], Environmental organizations such as the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) also oppose the project due to its transportation of oil from oil sands. In Alberta, support was at 77%, and in Quebec at 36%. [251], As of 2013, however, producing and processing tar sands oil results in roughly 14 per cent more greenhouse gas emissions than the average oil used in the U.S.[252] "However, such a change is not likely to occur. [175] In April 2013, Calgary-based Canada West Foundation warned that Alberta is "running up against a [pipeline capacity] wall around 2016, when we will have barrels of oil we can't move". The truth is Keystone 1 project has failed to achieve its targets and is, in fact, nowhere around what the company promised during its initial stage. Reporters still fumbling numbers in wake of pipeline's rejection", "Keystone pipeline: How many jobs really at stake? One such protest, a historic act of civil disobedience outside the White House in August 2011, resulted in the arrest of more than 1,200 demonstrators. The Keystone pipeline was never built, so Biden's canceling it didn't make the U.S. more reliant on Russian oil. [110][202], On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska" in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest.[54]. In addition, TransCanada has submitted a secret document to the Canadian government that states that the KXL pipeline will cause a hike in gas prices in the Midwest. [98] In response, TC Energy stated that the U.S. part of the project would be reassessed (but not abandoned); the Canadian part would proceed as before. The mining depletes and pollutes freshwater resources, creates massive ponds of toxic waste, and threatens the health and livelihood of the First Nations people who live near them. Mann drew attention to a Maclean's article sub-titled "we used to be friends"[147] about U.S./Canada relations after President Obama had "insulted Canada (yet again)" over the pipeline. [168] After completion of the Keystone XL line, oil pipelines to the U.S. may run nearly half-empty. The leak lasted for several minutes, with no initial reports of damage to water sources or wildlife. In April 2013, TransCanada Corporation changed the original proposed route of Keystone XL to minimize "disturbance of land, water resources and special areas"; the new route was approved by Nebraska Governor Dave Heineman in January 2013. On March 17, 2008, during the final year of the Presidency of George W. Bush, the United States Department of State issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border. Some of those landowners gave testimony for a House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing in May 2011. Less than two years before the project was finally pulled, the Keystone tar sands pipeline was temporarily shut down after a spill in North Dakota of reportedly more than 378,000 gallons in late October 2019. In 2009 it bought out ConocoPhillips' shares and revert to being the sole owner. [169], In October 2009, a suit was filed by the Natural Resources Defense Council that challenged the pipeline on the grounds that its permit was based on a deficient environmental impact statement. V. N. Plains Res. [97], On January 20, 2021, United States President Joe Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office. The takedown of the notorious Keystone XL (KXL) tar sands pipeline will go down as one of this generations most monumental environmental victories. When you sign up you'll become a member of NRDC's Activist Network. [81][82], In June 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted the Justice Department's motion to lift the injunction blocking construction and found that the new permit mooted the prior Montana lawsuit. Looking at the spills incidents that happened in the past few years, the answer is a resounding yes. The Canadian portion of the pipeline runs from Hardisty, AB, east through Manitoba where it turns south and crosses the border into North Dakota. US President Joe Biden has cancelled permits for the controversial Keystone XL pipeline on his first day in office. [A]pproval or denial of any one crude oil transport project, including the proposed Project, is unlikely to significantly impact the rate of extraction in the oil sands, or the continued demand for heavy crude oil. [225], TransCanada claims that they will take 100% responsibility for any potential environmental problems. [145] Based on an analysis of public documents on the State Department website, one critic asserted that "Environmental Resources Management was paid an undisclosed amount under contract to TransCanada to write the statement". [201] Critics say that a major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U.S. [114] By 2011, Koch Industries refined 25% of all crude oil imported into the United States. (After the June 2010 spill of more than 800,000 US gallons (3,000m, "Realistic calculations yield worst-case spill estimates of more than 180,000 barrels (29,000m, "Contaminants from a release at the Missouri or Yellowstone River crossing would enter, "The worst-case site for such a spill is in the, Gallup (March 2012): 57% government should approve, 29% government should not approve, Pew Center (September 2013): 65% favor, 30% oppose, Rasmussen (January 2014): 57% favor, 28% oppose (of likely voters), USA Today (January 2014): 56% favor, 41% oppose, Washington PostABC News (April 2014): 65% government should approve, 22% government should not approve, CBS News Roper (May 2014): 56% favor, 28% oppose, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 19:48. [66][67][68] Financial commitment towards completion of the pipeline was weakened by a number of technological factors as well. Pipeline leak near Washington County, Kansas, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, "Investigators, cleanup crews begin scouring oil pipeline spill in Kansas", "Keystone pipeline leaks 14,000 barrels of oil into creek in biggest spill yet", "Kansas oil spill is Keystone pipeline's biggest ever, according to federal data", Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL Project Applicant for Presidential Permit: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (SEIS), "Keystone Pipeline shuts down after oil leak, halting flow of 600,000 barrels a day", "Oil spill into a rural Kansas creek shuts down the Keystone pipeline", "An Oil Spill in Kansas Has Shut Down the Keystone Pipeline", "Oil Spill in Kansas Prompts Shutdown of Keystone Pipeline System", "Keystone Pipeline Is Shut Down After Oil Spills Into Creek in Kansas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Keystone_Pipeline_oil_spill&oldid=1138480588, December 2022 events in the United States, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 22:48. This lines up with an industry trend: Oil and gas companies are exporting 8.4 million barrels of crude oil and refined fuels every single day. The oil in the Lac-Mgantic rail cars came from the Bakken Formation in North Dakota, an area that would be served by the Keystone expansion. Hid Contractor's Ties to Keystone XL Pipeline Company", "Oil, money and politics; EPA snags Keystone XL pipeline", letter to U.S. Dept. [131] Despite TransCanadas actions, many Indigenous nations oppose the Keystone Pipeline.[132]. The 1,200-mile pipeline would have traveled southeast through nine South Dakota counties. a 2011 study by Danielle Droitsch of Pembina Institute) according to which "a good portion of the oil that will gush down the KXL will probably end up being finally consumed beyond the territorial United States". [182], The project met with active public opposition when it was first announced. State Disclosures. Phase 4 is the "Keystone XL Pipeline" that President Joe Biden canceled. Landowners in the path of the pipeline have complained about threats by TransCanada to confiscate private land and lawsuits to allow the "pipeline on their property even though the controversial project has yet to receive federal approval". Other items of note in Stansbury's analysis: Portions of the pipeline will also cross an active seismic zone that had a 4.3-magnitude earthquake as recently as 2002. [34], On January 22, 2008, ConocoPhillips acquired a 50% stake in the project. [231] For much of late 2017, the Keystone pipeline operated at reduced pressure during remediation efforts. How a single pipeline project became the epicenter of an enormous environmental, public health, and civil rights battle. If completed, the Keystone XL would have added 510,000 barrels (81,000 m 3) per day increasing the total capacity up to 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m 3) per day. The Keystone Pipeline oil spill occurred on December 7, 2022, when a leak in the Keystone Pipeline released 14,000 barrels of oil into a creek in Washington County, Kansas. Historic flooding recently inundated parts of the Cornhusker State where the proposed Keystone XL pipeline would pass through. When President Obama rejected and canceled the permits for Keystone XL, many labor/workers associations and organizations came forward in support of this decision. Authorizing Keystone XL is an act of war against our people. (That effort failed.) Since this pipeline will carry raw tar sands known to be more abrasive and corrosive, the chances of oil spills increase significantly. The pipeline had been projected to carry oil nearly 1,200 miles (1,900km). They tried to cover this by making up such. [30], The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$5.2billion. [3], The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration began an investigation into the leak. Yes, Trump has green-lighted the controversial Keystone XL pipeline. The United States' decision to buy less oil from Venezuela is the key reason the. the oil industry was producing 18.4 million barrels of oil per day. [125] TransCanada's Pipeline Permit Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission states project impacts that include potential physical disturbance, demolition or removal of "prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, districts, buildings, structures, objects, and locations with traditional cultural value to Native Americans and other groups".[126]. The United States is the number one buyer of crude oil exported from Venezuela. Construction took another two years. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. [4][5][107] Oil producers in the U.S. pushed for this phase so the glut of oil can be distributed out of the large oil tank farms and distribution center in Cushing. [28], Additional phases (III, completed in 2014, and IV, rejected in 2015) have been in construction or discussion since 2011. In Canada, the first phase of Keystone involved the conversion of approximately 864 kilometres (537mi) of existing 36-inch (910mm) natural gas pipeline in Saskatchewan and Manitoba to crude oil pipeline service. . In November 2017, the Nebraska Public Service Commission approved (32) the construction of the pipeline, albeit through an alternative route which is longer, but deemed to have the least environmental impact compared to two other routes that were considered. Heres why thats a disaster in the making. In addition, the bitumen that will be flowing through this pipeline has a unique composition, and traditional cleaning methods do not work for it. "[123], Many American and Canadian Aboriginals have opposed the Keystone XL project for various reasons,[124] including possible damage to sacred sites, pollution, and water contamination, which could lead to health risks among their communities. [213], In April 2013, the EPA challenged the U.S. State Department report's conclusion that the pipeline would not result in greater oil sand production, noting that "while informative, [it] is not based on an updated energy-economic modeling effort". 701 et. These sands contain bitumen, a gooey type of petroleum that can be converted into fuel. [196] ", "Keystone XL Clears Hurdle In South Dakota", Pipe dreams? [6][16], On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines,[70][71] which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels [130,000m3] per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. On March 9, 2017, the Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier of Alberta Rachel Notley attended North America's largest energy conference CERAWeek in Houston, Texas. [260], Public opinion polls taken by independent national polling organizations toward the beginning of the dispute showed majority support for the proposed pipeline in the US. Its no small feat extracting oil from tar sands, and doing so comes with steep environmental and economic costs. Yet somehow, the construction of pipelines remains a controversial topic. Even though the TransCanada Keystone XL pipeline will be buried nearly 20 feet underground, In addition, TransCanada has submitted a secret document to the Canadian government that states that the KXL pipeline will cause a hike in gas prices in the Midwest. [127] Locally caught fish and untreated surface water would be at risk for contamination through oil sands extraction, and are central to the diets of many Indigenous peoples. (April 10, 2016). He states, Our resistance to the Keystone XL pipeline and other tar sand infrastructure is grounded in our inherent right to self-determination as indigenous peoples. On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion. By Brijesh Patel, Rod Nickel and Nia Williams. [35] [6], The proposed Keystone XL pipeline would start from the same area in Alberta, Canada, as the Phase 1 pipeline. Frontline Indigenous youth, who have been standing up against destructive oil pipelines for years, are imploring President Biden to join them in protecting their water, lands, and cultures. The suit was thrown out by a federal judge on procedural grounds, ruling that the NRDC lacked the authority to bring it. [5] Pipelines in the Keystone Pipeline System go through stress tests prior to use. Nation Dec 11, 2022 3:29 PM EST. And as far as existing pipelines we have 185 operational oil lines. [55][56], In March 2012, Obama endorsed the building of the southern segment (Gulf Coast Extension or Phase III) that begins in Cushing, Oklahoma. The Keystone pipeline sprang a new leak. It's derived from a sludgy, sticky deposit found beneath the wilds of northern Albertas boreal forest. However, "the presence of the pipeline, which offers an inexpensive way to move the oil to market, could increase the likelihood that companies would extract from the oil sands even when prices are low". Republicans delayed delivering the bill over the Presidents Day holiday weekend to ensure Congress would be in session if the president were to veto the bill. Construction of Phase III, from Cushing, Oklahoma, to Nederland, Texas, in the Gulf Coast area, began in August 2012 as an independent economic utility. Marketing/Refining keystone pipeline facts 2022 pipeline hub their property and lives is already done case, people willing, hopeful, almost for... 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