But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. Henry VII also decided, about that time, to marry the 15-year-old Margaret to his half-cousin, Sir Richard Pole. Henry was able to play peacemaker. Now he decided to seriously test his religious convictions. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. It was his great popularity that saved him. If he had trusted her once, he no longer did so. Towards the block I shall not go! In January 1539 Geoffrey was pardoned, but Margaret's son, Henry, Baron Montagu (and cousin Exeter), were later executed for treason after trial. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. In the end, he could not be persuaded. This More was fully prepared to do. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. Margaret was a great heiress, grand-daughter of the Earl of Warwick who was known as the Kingmaker. As part of his 'Random Histo. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. letters@lrb.co.uk She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. Elizabeth Throckmorton. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Did she plot against the crown? She was no longer, though, the sort of influence Henry wished for his daughter. [6] . The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. A devoted Catholic, More refuses to sign Parliament's Act of Supremacy, which declares King Henry, and not the Pope, the Supreme Head of the new Church of England. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. His personal life remained placid and content. It was a small mercy. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. And "Look," we say, "look, I'm anchored! Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. . Their destruction came with a wave of arrests in the autumn of 1538. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! He sent envoys. On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. Warwick Read More. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. It was Gertrude Courtenay, Marchioness of Exeter, who claimed to be brittle and fragile; one of the most persistent of the aristocratic plotters against Henry, she was in trouble in 1533 for her contacts with Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, whose florid line in prophecy was discomfiting to the regime. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. The Editor Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. The remnants of the Plantagenets had no difficulty in breeding, while the Tudors were less lucky. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. He later characterized this as abandonment by his mother, and bitterly resented it for much of his life, although he became an important figure in the church. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). 28 Little Russell Street ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. Name: Thomas More. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) But that was years in the future. She built herself a castle at Warblington, close to the sea on the Hampshire-Sussex border. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. This was not, as some say, Cratwell, who had himself been executed three years earlier, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessed Margaret Pole, "Unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Plantagenet , Countess of Salisbury National Portrait Gallery", "The Execution of Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "1541: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury", "Pole, Margaret, suo jure countess of Salisbury (14731541), noblewoman", "Margaret Plantagenet, Lady Pole & Countess of Salisbury (14731541)", "Our Lady Queen of Peace & Blessd Margaret Pole, Southbourne", The Tragical History of King Richard the Third, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Pole,_Countess_of_Salisbury&oldid=1140799395, People convicted under a bill of attainder, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula, Governesses to the English Royal Household, Hereditary peeresses created by Henry VIII, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from February 2023, Articles needing expert attention from June 2022, Miscellaneous articles needing expert attention, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, English Martyrs Church, Preston (she is on the right. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. In 1886, 10 years after . He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. He married Anne Cheney, daughter of Nicholas Cheney. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. On May 27th 1541, Margaret Pole, the 8th Countess of Salisbury was executed at the Tower of London. It proved to be another happy marriage, though Mores friends remarked upon Alices sharp tongue and occasionally brusque ways. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. Margaret Pole. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. Put a different hood on her, and she could be a man one of her own Plantagenet relations. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. She was sentenced to death, to be executed at the king's will. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? Seven years after the strange liquid death of Margarets father, her uncle Richard III was defeated at Bosworth by Henry Tudor. The Execution of a Duke. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. And the king did not force the issue. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV, at the Battle of Barnet. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. Her father was the younger brother of Edward IV and Richard III. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. The pope would not relent. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. It was children who caused him a problem. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. 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