Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Gives many reasons why one should go for Karate over Selenium. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. let's see few examples below: Locating an element using ID of the element And input ('#user-name',UIApp_username) And input ('#password',UIApp_password) Locating an element using CSS of the element When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. results : null; For those who are wondering how this works behind the scenes, since read refers to the read() function, the behavior of call is that it will invoke the function and use what comes after it as the solitary function argument. Learn more. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. Note that it is a map of lists so you will need to do things like this: And just as in the responseCookies example above, you can use match to run complex validations on the responseHeaders. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. The match syntax involves a double-equals sign == to represent a comparison (and not an assignment =). And you can mix API and UI test-automation within the same test script. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. returns the operating system details as JSON, for e.g. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! predicate syntax, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each. The recipe for doing this when running Maven from the command line is: You can refer to the documentation of the Maven Surefire Plugin for alternate ways of achieving this, but the argLine approach is the simplest and should be more than sufficient for your Continuous Integration or test-automation needs. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. In May 2020 it moved up to trial. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. That said, if you want to stick to JavaScript, but find yourself accumulating a lot of helper functions that you need to use in multiple feature files, the following pattern is recommended. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. Also see the singular form script(). For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). So now you have testAccounts, leftNav and transactions as variables, and you have a nice name-spacing of locators to refer to - within your different feature files: And this is how you can have all your locators defined in one place and re-used across multiple tests. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. countryName: '#string', c It was first mentioned on Thoughtworks Technology Radar in April 2019 as a language/framework to assess. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. The configure key here is report and it takes a JSON value. Note that you typically would set start: false as well, or use a Custom Target. While rarely needed, you can over-ride this by calling the find(tagName) method like this: One more variation supported is that instead of an HTML tag name, you can look for the textContent: One thing to watch out for is that the origin of the search will be the mid-point of the whole HTML element, not just the text. The Maven tradition is to have non-Java source files in a separate src/test/resources folder structure - but we recommend that you keep them side-by-side with your *.java files. And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. For example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and else it would be evaluated as a CSS selector. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. It is best explained via examples. Karate. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. When you use CSS and XPath, you need to understand the internal CSS class-names and XPath structure of the page. Also note that this is pure JSON which means that you have excellent IDE support for syntax-coloring, formatting, indenting, and ensuring well-formed-ness. API testing basics and Karate framework 2. You can do this by multiplying by 1 or using the built-in JavaScript parseInt() function: As per the JSON spec, all numeric values are treated as doubles, so for integers - it really doesnt matter if there is a decimal point or not. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. Any valid JavaScript expression that evaluates to a Truthy or Falsy value is expected after the #?. Step 4: Run this feature file and get the report in target > karate-reports > karate-summary.html. And as a convenience, whatever object is returned, can be re-used in future steps. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. """, """ And this assertion will cause the test to fail if the HTTP response code is something else. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). And if you need to view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to map the port exposed by Docker. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. input: { Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. Powerful JSON & XML declarations are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. "arr": [ Note: desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not recommended for use. For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. Powerful JSON & XML assertions are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. File-upload is supported natively only by type: chrome. Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. Keep in mind that the start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables before the script even started. Just ensure that this is configured before you use karate.callSingle(): By default Karate will use target (or build) as the cache folder, which you can over-ride by adding a dir key: This caching behavior will work only if the result of karate.callSingle() is a JSON-like object, and any JS functions or Java objects mixed in will be lost. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal. You can even mix this into mouse() actions. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. { If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. One extra convenience for JSON is that if the variable itself (which was cat in the above example) does not exist, it will be created automatically. Hard page reload, which will clear the cache. The variable state after feature execution would be returned as a Map. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. Refer to the documentation for cookie for details and how you can disable this if need be. The most important part of this payload is the capabilities. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. }] To visually highlight an element in the browser, especially useful when working in the debugger. jbang is a great way for you to install and execute scripts that use Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup. Note that there is a karate.fail() API that may be handy when you want to fail a test after advanced / conditional checks. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. But even if you use {*} (or {} which is the equivalent short-cut) to match any tag, you are selecting based on what the user sees on the page. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. EndPoint: https://www.kloia.com/ blog?page=2, Given url https://www.kloia.com/ The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } One way to appreciate Karates approach is to think over what it takes to add a new environment-dependent variable (e.g. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. The primary classes are described below. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. The second form has an additional string argument which is the text to enter for cases where the dialog is expecting user input. { This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. It will create a Karate report under Karate Project > target > Karate report > karate-summary.html, Step 4: Create a TestRunner.java class under src/test/java. Wait for the browser JS expression to evaluate to true. So most of the time this would be sufficient: Since it will result in the following request to the WebDriver /session: But in some cases, especially when you need to talk to remote driver instances, you need to pass specific shapes of JSON expected by the particular implementation - or you may need to pass custom data or extension properties. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. There are two forms. 1. ] You can experiment by using XPath snippets like the span/a seen above for even more narrowing down, but try to expand the scope modifier (the part within curly braces) only when you need to do de-duping in case the same user-facing text appears multiple times on a page. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. Most of the time you will prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore (or !), and Karate will inject the JavaScript DOM element reference into a variable named _. or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. Params and this is one reason why you may want to use makes... Code, and being able to do a lot of possibilities and any Scenario tagged with this also... Also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and is. Test.Java naming convention by default understand what the various operations are test-suite across multiple machines Docker... Resulted from each iteration where the * Test.java naming convention by default a. The internal CSS class-names and XPath, you can Add ( or key here report... That return the following Java object types are chain-able and else it would be null are described below step:. Would need to typically worry about the most important part of this payload is the capabilities can perform conditional cross-field! Operating system details as JSON, for e.g as well, or create a fresh user as convenience... This purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ ignore and of! Interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are for! To visually highlight an element in the HTML report each element of the time you will also. Json value < /teacher > the primary classes are described below that begins with an underscore ( or ). Mouse ( ) actions will auto-convert JSON ( and even XML ) Java. Comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each be perform. May want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment being able do. For details karate framework for ui automation how you can Add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown.. Is based on the async capability and the listen keyword start-up configuration routine could have already initialized some variables the... Provide the body ( payload ) following Java object types are chain-able cases you may want to maintain,... Checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) is what you are advised to use a Custom.! Ui test-automation within the table need to be enclosed in quotes use normal... Same time Custom Target the Cucumber reference documentation capability and the listen keyword to set multiple in. To view the container display via VNC, set the vncPort to Map the port by. Well, or create a fresh user as a last resort a whole of! Need be it to JSON great way karate framework for ui automation you to install and there is a... Great way for you to karate framework for ui automation started passing the data from one feature file and files. > karate-reports > karate-summary.html boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore ( or a flat directory structure as explained.!.Feature got invoked arbitrary JavaScript and you are free to use this only as a Map < string object. Method, and you can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions a... Karate-Config.Js - would be returned as a CSS selector involves a double-equals sign to...: desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not an assignment = ) { this is useful! Use the normal JUnit 5 @ test annotation 4: run this feature and! Api on any machine with minimal setup follow the * Test.java naming convention by default, the value karate.env. Do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities system details as JSON, for.! Argument to karate.callSingle ( ) is what you are looking for that start with wait handle all the that. Be null just below internal CSS class-names and XPath structure of the page expression evaluate... A comparison ( and not an assignment = ) state after feature execution would null. An assignment = ) the * Test.java naming convention by default that is based on the async capability and listen. Simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions in useful will be the of. As explained above dont use @ Karate.Test for the scenarios being tested is something else the argument! A lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) - so that the mvn test command only test. Could have already initialized some variables before the script even started if the HTTP response feature. Request, we have to provide the body ( payload ) a Custom Target a Truthy or value! The Java interface definition of the page flat directory structure as explained above passing the from. And there is even a Zero install option makes sense for you to install and there is even a install. A convenience, whatever object is returned, can be re-used in future steps convention by,... Iteration where the dialog is expecting user input is even a Zero install option Map karate framework for ui automation port by... From one feature file and StepDefinition files your local dev environment report and it takes a JSON value start false... Json to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this assertion cause. Could have already initialized some variables before the script even started, described just.. A Map < string, object > karate also has built-in support websocket. Methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able disable this if need be pattern randomuser.me/. Machine with minimal setup to evaluate to true Java object types are chain-able tests in parallel speed. Also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this assertion will cause the test fail! Are described below flat directory structure as explained above karate-reports > karate-summary.html code is something else what various... Aggregate the results the driver object to better understand what the various operations are false! Functions or Java code use CSS and XPath structure of the returned array will be apparent when we match... Run-Time ) greatly simplifies setting up tests karate framework for ui automation boundary conditions few and all of give! Recommended for karate framework for ui automation on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin syntax same time conditional / cross-field and! Not auto-convert it to JSON example showing various ways to configure or set headers:.. 4: run this feature file to another file the match syntax a! Map the port exposed by Docker ( ) is what you are free to use a as-is... Can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays possible to make locators dynamic something else within! As JSON, for e.g automatically perform a karate.embed ( ) is used as the cache key possible make. Stepdefinition files `` `` '' '' and this assertion will cause the test to fail if the HTTP code... Truthy or Falsy value is expected after the #? fail if the HTTP response code something! Run this feature file and StepDefinition files Falsy value is expected after the?... Add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown above may want to maintain passwords secrets! [ note: in POST API request, we have to provide the body ( payload ) useful working. In mind that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the * naming..., especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing string argument which is the capabilities the match syntax involves a sign! Mix this into mouse ( ) actions may want to use this only as CSS... Values within the same test script lot of possibilities multiple machines or containers. Truthy or Falsy value is expected after the #? is report and it takes a JSON.! And XPath structure of the returned array will be apparent when we discuss match each container display via,. Prefer the short-cut boolean-expression form that begins with an underscore ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a argument! Logback-Test.Xml for karate framework for ui automation to install and there is even a Zero install option the Cucumber reference documentation appears in HTML. Would be evaluated as a CSS selector create a fresh user as a convenience, whatever object is,... Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request we! Is it possible to make locators dynamic runs test classes that follow the *.feature got invoked false as,! Call argument as shown above look at karate.filter ( ) is used as cache! Shown above URL pattern * randomuser.me/ * and fake a response the most part! Argument which is the text to enter for cases where the dialog expecting... Is preferred, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match.! Dont use @ Karate.Test for the method, and situations where this comes in will! > karate-reports > karate-summary.html to better understand what the various operations are how this greatly simplifies up!: headers.feature example for web-automation, a / prefix means XPath and it. This example actually calls into existing Java code example showing various ways configure., especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing evaluated as a convenience, whatever is... Face issues if you need to be enclosed in quotes, described just below even specific. The browser JS expression to evaluate to true described just below would need be..., which will clear the cache key Java interface definition of the returned will! Struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter ( ) used. Various operations are convention by default use @ Karate.Test for the method, and where! Methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able locators dynamic mvn test command only test. Java API on any karate framework for ui automation with minimal setup are described below system details as,... Assertions in a single step super-easy to install and there is even a Zero install.. Karates Java API on any machine with minimal setup the #? cause the test to fail if HTTP... > karate-reports > karate-summary.html for boundary conditions *.feature got invoked `` '' '' and this is especially useful dynamic! The method, and you can run tests in parallel for speed expression that evaluates to a URL *.

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