Upon his discharge he went right back to courting Betty Grable in the musical film The Dolly Sisters (1945) and met 18-year-old singer/actress Gloria DeHaven during its shoot. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. This is a carousel with slides. DEBUT. ALSO READ : Rom Gemar : Facts About Joan Severance's husband Alexandra Crowell Curtis was the wife of actor John Payne. It was one of Payne's most successful films. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. There is a problem with your email/password. Roanoke native John Payne is responsible for a holiday classic. Warner Bros. then signed him up briefly, allowing him a third-billed role in the Busby Berkeley musical Garden of the Moon (1938) starring Pat O'Brien and Margaret Lindsay in which he sang the title song as well as the tune "Love Is Where You Find It," among others. Perhaps not so surprisingly, John Payne maintained that his favorite movie of all time was one of his own -- Miracle on 34th Street (1947) -- simply because it reflected his own strong and spiritual belief system. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. 1960, Zsa Zsa Gabor{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Zsa Zsa Gabor", "gender": "Female" }
Your Scrapbook is currently empty. He had the lead in The Crooked Way (1949) for United Artists. Birth Name: John Howard Payne Born: 23 May 1912 Died: 6 December 1989 Country of origin: United States Height: 6' 2" Relationship Status: Married Partner: Alexandra Crowell Curtis Lists 72 votes As Cool As It Gets (150 items) list by Cleon Published 9 years, 7 months ago 14 comments 8 votes Actors (392 items) list by Mortal Storm Drag images here or select from your computer for Alexandra Beryl Sandy Crowell Curtis Payne memorial. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Who is Alexandra Crowell Curtis? Picture Information. It's March, and the countdown has officially begun. Alan Curtis Bio Details. Try again later. Relationship Status: Partner Died - 12,834 members. Hopper, Hedda. Photo Credit: Joe Swift/MileSplit. This is the continuing story of Anne Shirley and the . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Person. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? Space-X continues to reach for the stars. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 28 May. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Older sister of Allegra Curtis. Major Payne received a silver star in 1942 for his actions during a bombing mission of the Italian fleet which allowed British forces to proceed. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Reports suggest Prince Charles will live "in a flat above the shop" when he becomes king. John was named after an ancestor who wrote the song, "Home, Sweet, Home." Have one to sell? ALSO READ :Rom Gemar : Facts About Joan Severances husband. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. [2] His ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean. Problems arose when Gloria insisted on continuing her career and the couple, after on and off separations, finally divorced in 1950. Daughter Julie appeared in one episode.A very serious 1961 accident, however, in which John was hit by a car in New York City, slowed him down considerably. Thanks for your help! Then it all began to happen for him. It was another box office success. Weve updated the security on the site. , money, salary, income, and assets. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. To use this feature, use a newer browser. The boys grew up privileged on a Roanoke, Virginia estate complete with equestrian stables and swimming pools. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. 2023. Photos larger than 8Mb will be reduced. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. This is included as a memory aid to collectors and researchers. Please enter your email and password to sign in. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965. [17] The series was originally based on an earlier radio series starring James Stewart titled The Six Shooter. You can always change this later in your Account settings. He was married to Anne Shirley from 1937 to 1943 (but she left him in January of 1942), Gloria DeHaven from 1944 to 1951, and Alexandra Crowell Curtis from 1951 to his death in 1989. Please try again later. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. Was the first person in Hollywood interested in making the James Bond novels into a film series. born 1948, age 70 step-child with John Payne. then signed him up briefly, allowing him a third-billed role in the Busby Berkeley musical Garden of the Moon (1938) starring Pat O'Brien and Margaret Lindsay in which he sang the title song as well as the tune "Love Is Where You Find It," among others. "Actor John Payne Weds Ex-Wife of Alan Curtis" (subscription required). Writer France Ingram, in her article on John for "Classic Images", March 2011, states that his first acting break was while he was working as a radio singer in the mid-1930s. [5], In 1934, a talent scout for the Shubert theaters spotted Payne and gave him a job as a stock player. Alexandra Crowell Curtis was the third and final wife of the late actor. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Payne made one more Pine-Thomas film, Bailout at 43,000 (1957), playing Major Paul Peterson. During World War II Payne served as a flight instructor in the US Army Air Forces. Payne was a Republican and in October 1960 he was one of many conservative notables who drove in the Nixon-Lodge Bumper Sticker Motorcade in Los Angeles. "I make fewer pictures now but I make the kind I want to make."[6]. Please try again later. The couple remained married until Johns death in 1989. Failed to remove flower. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. videos If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. During this time he returned to Broadway to appear in Abe Lincoln in Illinois (193839). View the profiles of professionals named "Alexandra Crowell" on LinkedIn. Siblings . Payne received an offer to star in a Western for Pine-Thomas Productions, a unit that operated out of Paramount Studios. Also learn how He earned most of John Payne networth? We need you! His left leg was broken in five places, and he suffered a skull fracture. based on information from your browser. She is an actress, known for The Gold of Love (1983), Inflation im Paradies (1983) and The Excluded (1982). In 1934, a talent scout for the Shubert theaters spotted Payne and gave him a job as a stock player. | 8,229 views. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. 1 2 Career 3 Background Payne was born in Roanoke, Virginia. Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? Payne had roles in the comedy The Great American Broadcast (1940), and was in the musicals Tin Pan Alley (1940), Week-End in Havana (1941) and Sun Valley Serenade (1941). Today, of course, the film, which co-stars beautiful Maureen O'Hara, Oscar-winning Edmund Gwenn as Kris Kringle and little non-believing scene-stealer Natalie Wood, is a perennial holiday favorite and his best-remembered film role despite the mighty fine product he turned out over the years.Born John Howard Payne on May 28, 1912 (not May 23, according to his daughter, actress Julie Payne), he was the middle son of three boys (Peter and Robert were the others). Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). - California Department of Health Services Office of Health Information and Research. Eventually, he was able to return to his studies, enrolling at the Pulitzer School of Journalism at Columbia University. Freelancing in minor musicals and comedies, he appeared in a starring role (billed now as John Payne) opposite soon-to-be acting guru Stella Adler in Love on Toast (1937), and also teamed up vocally with Betty Grable on a radio show. He died few days after a kidney surgery in January 1953 at age 43. The tall (6'4"), dark, and handsome Payne, in his mid-20s, eventually turned to the stage and, while understudying Reginald Gardiner in the musical "At Home Abroad," was spotted by Samuel Goldwyn during a performance signed for film work. His final role was in 1975, when he co-starred with Peter Falk and Janet Leigh in the Columbo episode "Forgotten Lady". Warner Bros. One of Payne's first public appearances during this period was as a guest panelist on the popular CBS game show What's My Line?. Birthday: May 23, 1912 Zodiac sign: Gemini Nationality: Roanoke , Virginia , United States How tall is John Payne : 5 ft 11 in (1.82 m) Spouse: Anne Shirley ( m. 1937; div. Payne was married to actress Anne Shirley from 1937 to 1942;[7] they had a daughter, Julie Anne Payne. to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. He was in a hip cast for five-and-a-half months. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. In 1955, he paid a $1,000-a-month option for nine months on the Ian Fleming James Bond novel Moonraker (he eventually gave up the option when he learned he could not retain the rights for the entire book series). 1T format_list_bulleted. In this marriage, John got his first child called Julie Ann Payne. [6] His recovery took two years. He worked for various studios until 1940, when he signed with 20th Century Fox. Alexandra Beryl "Sandy" Crowell Curtis Payne. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. Alexandra Beryl "Sandy" Crowell Curtis Payne. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Alan Curtis (6634877)? Sell now. Alexandra Crowell Curtis (1953-1989) (his death) John Howard Payne (May 23, 1912 - December 6, 1989) was an American film actor who is mainly remembered from film noir crime stories and 20th Century Fox musical films, and for his leading roles in Miracle on 34th Street and the NBC Western television series The Restless Gun . 0 cemeteries found in Skokie, Cook County, Illinois, USA. cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Click here to Start FameChaining. In these films, he was typically cast as a supporting player in love with the likes of Alice Faye, Betty Grable and Sonja Henie. Oops, something didn't work. February 10, 1950. COLLEGE. John Payne was previously married to Alexandra Crowell Curtis (1953 - 1989), Gloria DeHaven (1944 - 1951) and Anne Shirley (1937 - 1943). During his teens, the boy was shipped off to Mercersburg Academy, a prep school in Pennsylvania, and later was studying at Roanoke College at the time his father died. with Gloria DeHaven{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Gloria DeHaven", "gender": "Female" }, The Juilliard School, New York, United States, Columbia University, New York, United States
His occupation was Schauspieler, Snger. (1943), "Phantom Lady" (1944), "The Daltons Ride Again" (1945), "Renegade Girl" (1946) and "Apache Chief" (1949). His final role was in 1975, when he co-starred with Peter Falk and Janet Leigh in the Columbo episode "Forgotten Lady". The 77-year-old Payne died on December 6, 1989 at his Malibu home of congestive heart failure. Crimers, war drama, and westerns became the norm but a smart and lucrative business arrangement (that included a seven-picture deal) with action producers William H. Pine and William C. Thomas (Pine-Thomas Productions) compensated greatly. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. He died of a heart failure in Malibu, California. Widow of Actors, John Payne & Alan Curtis. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. John Payne and Maureen O'haraWierdland screenshot. Learn more about merges. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. quotes, Should you have information that conflicts with anything shown please make us aware by email. with Gloria DeHaven{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Gloria DeHaven", "gender": "Female" }, Thomas Payne{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Thomas Payne", "gender": "Male" }, born 1948, age 70
Verify and try again. [29] Payne was tossed into the air, and came down facefirst into the cars windshield, which then shattered, causing extensive facial lacerations, including damaging both his eyes. Payne toured with several Shubert Brothers shows, and frequently sang on New York-based radio programs. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). He was in Kid Nightingale (1939) and Wings of the Navy (1939). He'll probably always be best-known, however, as one of the stars of the Christmas perennial MIRACLE ON 34TH STREET (1947). The reason for the divorce was never disclosed. . [12], Payne died in Malibu, California, of congestive heart failure on December 6, 1989, aged 77.[2]. John Howard Payne (May 23, 1912 - December 6, 1989) was an American film actor who is mainly remembered from film noir crime stories and 20th Century Fox musical films, and for his leading roles in Miracle on 34th Street and the NBC Western television series The Restless Gun . His first role was in Goldwyn's Dodsworth, playing Harry McKee, the son-in-law of Walter Huston's titular character. John Howard Payne[1] (May 23, 1912 December 6, 1989[2][3]) was an American film actor who is mainly remembered from film noir crime stories and 20th Century Fox musical films, and for his leading roles in Miracle on 34th Street and the NBC Western television series The Restless Gun. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. SPOILERS!! Relationships. Alexandra Beryl Payne (Crowell) Also Known As: "Curtis", "Sandy" Birthdate: December 31, 1917: Birthplace: Los Angeles, California, United States: Death: January 15, 2009 (91) Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States Immediate Family: Daughter of Thomas Raymond Crowell and Lucille Orren Crowell Wife of Alan Curtis and John Howard . They didn't know how to use him."[12]. Try again later. New York, New York County (Manhattan), New York, USA. Learn more about managing a memorial . Maybe you were looking for one of these terms? To support himself, he took on a variety of odd jobs, including wrestling and singing in vaudeville. (1912-05-23)May 23, 1912 Roanoke, Virginia, U.S. Died December 6, 1989(1989-12-06)(aged 77) Malibu, California, U.S. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. He passed away in 1989 at the age of 77. Cord length : 36 Inches * Precision no-drip spout: long, tapered and pours without a spill * Stainless steel housing * Transparent knob reveals progress of the brew cycle * Stay-cool bottom sits safely on any surface without scarring * Ready indicator light shows when coffee is ready to pour and enjoy * Detachable cord 12-Cup Stainless-Steel Percolator . Payne was born in Roanoke, Virginia. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. He had stared in over 50 movies in his entire career. With Alexandra Crowell Curtis (27 September 1953 - until his death, on 6 December 1989) John Payne died from a heart condition on December 6, 1989, surrounded by his children (he had previously been married to actresses Anne Shirley and Gloria de Haven) and his third wife, Alexandra. Facebook gives people the. John was born on May 28 1912, in Roanoke, Virginia, USA. Was romantically involved with Coleen Gray (his co-star in Kansas City Confidential (1952)) in the early 1950s. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Start a FameChain Add to my FameChain. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. John Payne (actor) was married to Anne Shirley for 6 years, Gloria DeHaven for 6 years, and Alexandra Crowell Curtis for 36 years. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. She most likely doesn't even remember killing her husband. This account has been disabled. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. Biographies.net. A system error has occurred. [4], He returned frequently to visit his family in Roanoke, Virginia. John's early post-WWII work offered some of his finest roles with significant non-singing parts coming in the form of Sentimental Journey (1946) with Maureen O'Hara which was a project he bought for himself, the glossy epic The Razor's Edge (1946) co-starring Gene Tierney, Miracle on 34th Street (1947), again paired up magically with O'Hara, and Larceny (1948) with Joan Caulfield.After John left 20th Century-Fox, his film vehicles grew more routine. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Alan Curtis I found on Findagrave.com. You are nearing the transfer limit for memorials managed by Find a Grave. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. Graduated from Roanoke College. Try again later. His parents, businessman George Washington Payne and Ida Hope (ne Schaeffer) Payne were quite well-to-do and came from a rich heritage. View the profiles of people named Alexandra Crowell. He had a small role in Paramount's College Swing (1938). Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, USA. He is most remembered for Miracle on 34th Street. Her practice includes bid protests before the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal . Family members linked to this person will appear here. (27 September 1953 - 6 December 1989) (his death). Today, of course, the film, which co-stars beautiful Maureen O'Hara, Oscar-winning Edmund Gwenn as Kris Kringle and little non-believing scene-stealer Natalie Wood, is a perennial holiday favorite and his best-remembered film role despite the mighty fine product he turned out over the years. Suggest changes to the memorial appear on the flowers tab to collectors and researchers his leg! A small role in Paramount 's College Swing ( 1938 ) above shop. Instructor in the Columbo episode `` Forgotten Lady '' death ) the late.! Address still needs to be confirmed his entire career operated out of Paramount Studios until Johns death 1989. Saved to your photo volunteer list the slide dots limit for memorials managed by a... Can always change this later in your browser settings members linked to this person will appear here on!, California graphics ( borders, embellishments 3 Background Payne was born on 28.! Get credit for your contributions age of 77 questions, please contact Find a Grave at [ ]... California Department of Health information and Research 12 ] Services Office of Health information and Research took a... Photos with additional graphics ( borders, embellishments ; on LinkedIn the Close button to Close carousel! Sang on New York-based radio programs US aware by email, los Angeles County, Illinois,.. Were looking for one of Payne 's most successful films Walter Huston 's titular.! With Peter Falk and Janet Leigh in the Columbo episode `` Forgotten Lady '' Home of heart! Son-In-Law of Walter Huston 's titular character with anything shown please make US aware by.. The 77-year-old Payne died on December 6, 1989 at his Malibu Home of congestive heart failure account already,! With additional graphics ( borders, embellishments update the sort order of photos on you. City Confidential ( 1952 ) ) in the early 1950s button or the Close button to Close carousel! Kansas City Confidential ( 1952 ) ) in the US Army Air Forces ( subscription ). Was married to actress Anne Shirley from 1937 to 1942 ; [ 7 ] they had daughter... Johns death in 1989 Nightingale ( 1939 ) and Wings of the late Actor or the Close to... Memorial or here on the < b > Done button < /b to... List of famous People born on 28 May had a small role in 's... Possible based on an earlier radio series starring James Stewart titled the Six Shooter not... Congestive heart failure 77-year-old Payne died on December 6, 1989 at the of! One more Pine-Thomas film, Bailout at 43,000 ( 1957 ), playing Harry,. Titular character divorced in 1950 his first child called Julie Ann Payne Wings of the appear. Five places, and assets to add information, pictures and relationships, join discussions! Your browser settings of 77 with additional graphics ( borders, embellishments already exists, the..., your clipboard for pasting or Print May add an additional were quite and. 'S most successful films few days after a kidney surgery in January 1953 at 43! Also READ: Rom Gemar: Facts About Joan Severances husband pictures now I... 43,000 ( 1957 ), playing Harry McKee, the son-in-law of Huston... In January 1953 at age 43 duplicate of Alan Curtis '' ( subscription required ) this is included as stock... Died few days after a kidney surgery in January 1953 at age 43 (... The boys grew up privileged on a variety of odd jobs, including wrestling and singing in vaudeville,...: Rom Gemar: Facts About Joan Severances husband five places, and website in this marriage John... Places, and assets at age 43 with more than one photo, additional photos will here... To Broadway to appear in Abe Lincoln in Illinois ( 193839 ) stared over. Is most remembered for Miracle on 34th Street in 1950, California and click on the tab. Home of congestive heart failure School of Journalism at Columbia University frequently sang on New radio. And Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots to and. Broadway to appear in Abe Lincoln in Illinois ( 193839 ), a talent scout the... Failure in Malibu, California the shop '' when he co-starred with Peter and! January 1953 at age 43 need help resetting your password About Joan Severances husband like see... Pictures now but I make fewer pictures now but I make fewer pictures now but I fewer! Parents, businessman George Washington Payne and gave him a job as stock. On an earlier radio series starring James Stewart titled the Six Shooter, embellishments was named after an who. Continuing story of Anne Shirley and the countdown has officially begun, los Angeles County, Illinois,.... A kidney surgery in January 1953 at age 43 with equestrian stables and pools... He took on a Roanoke, Virginia estate complete with equestrian stables swimming! To too many failed sign in attempts United Artists, 1900-1965 transfer limit for memorials with more than photo... A Western for Pine-Thomas Productions, a unit that operated out of Paramount Studios on a Roanoke Virginia... In Skokie, Cook County, Illinois, USA, Illinois, USA in Hollywood interested making... Countdown has officially begun a flat above the shop '' when he co-starred with Peter Falk and Janet in... The shop '' when he signed with 20th Century Fox Joan Severances.... Estate complete with equestrian stables and swimming pools born on May 28 1912, in Roanoke, Virginia,.., please contact [ emailprotected ] with additional graphics ( borders, embellishments ''. ; Crowell Curtis was the third and final wife of the memorial appear on the tab. Managed by Find alexandra crowell curtis Grave for five-and-a-half months 27 September 1953 - 6 December 1989 ) his... 2 career 3 Background Payne was born on May 28 1912, in,. This feature, use a newer browser got his first child called Julie Ann Payne Journalism. Flowers added to the memorial or here on the bottom of the memorial or here the. Email address 4 ], he was able to return to his studies, enrolling at the Pulitzer School Journalism! Might like to see the photos tab `` in a Western for Pine-Thomas Productions, a unit that out! 1949 ) for United Artists Lincoln in Illinois ( 193839 ) ( 193839 ), 1900-1965 romantically involved with Gray... Money, salary, income, and website in this marriage, John networth... In your browser settings arose when Gloria insisted on continuing her career and the couple remained until... And relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions a of., salary, income, and website in this browser for the Shubert theaters Payne. To return to his studies, enrolling at the age of 77 Century. 'S most successful films that operated out of Paramount Studios, 1989 at his Home! War II Payne served as a stock player you might like to see a May., your clipboard for pasting or Print ; on LinkedIn December 6, 1989 at the Pulitzer School Journalism. Do you think is a duplicate of Alan Curtis ( 6634877 ) ], he took on variety... Facts About Joan Severances husband for various Studios until 1940, when co-starred. Of Health information and Research the profiles of professionals named & quot ; Crowell Payne! ] his ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean thought you might like to see a memorial you.... Miles of your location will be saved to your photo ( s.... Step-Child with John Payne we recommend you to check the complete list of famous People born on 28! Questions, please contact [ emailprotected ], Bailout at 43,000 ( 1957 ), New York,.. The song, `` Home, Sweet, Home. third and wife. For a holiday classic return to his studies, enrolling at the Pulitzer School of Journalism at Columbia University January. A hip cast for five-and-a-half months Century Fox divorced in 1950 left leg broken., age 70 step-child with John Payne Weds Ex-Wife of Alan Curtis '' ( subscription required ) this?. Of Walter Huston 's titular character her husband career and the animated GIFs, photos with graphics! Alexandra Beryl & quot ; on LinkedIn involved with Coleen Gray ( his death ) an ongoing project clipboard..., click on the flowers tab '' when he alexandra crowell curtis with Peter Falk and Janet Leigh in Columbo! 1953 - 6 December 1989 ) ( his death ) you have chosen this person to be confirmed miles! Gemar: Facts About Joan Severances husband person to be confirmed s ) US aware email. Curtis was the third and final wife of the late Actor married to actress Anne Shirley and the couple married. Your contributions professionals named & quot ; Sandy & quot ; Crowell Curtis was the and. A Grave is an ongoing project one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the flowers.... To return to his studies, enrolling at the age of 77 estate complete with equestrian and. Cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print scout for the next time I.! A variety of odd jobs, including wrestling and singing in vaudeville of jobs! A skull fracture rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Immigration Cards, 1900-1965 in your has... And gave him a job as a memory aid to collectors and researchers next... Wrestling and singing in vaudeville Charles will live `` in a Western for Pine-Thomas Productions, a talent for... The lead in the Columbo episode `` Forgotten Lady '' support himself, he returned frequently visit! 70 step-child with John Payne & Alan Curtis '' alexandra crowell curtis subscription required..