what is the population of oceania

Hawaii is dominated by the Democratic Party. The bulk of thepopulation(92.1%) is concentrated in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea,with a strong presence of immigrants or descendants of European settlers. [429][430] These rock paintings served several functions. Many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. "[144] It has been theorized that the indigenous Jmon people of the Japanese archipelago are related to Austronesians, along with the indigenous inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. Population: 23,232,413 Capital: Canberra Even though the continent of Australia has the most species of marsupials, they originated in South America, back when the continents were the landmass of Gondwana. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. [67] It is used in statistical reports, by the International Olympic Committee, and by many atlases. They take part in the legislative and presidential French elections. The United States also expanded into the Pacific, beginning with Baker Island and Howland Island in 1857, and with Hawaii becoming a U.S. territory in 1898. The linked map below shows the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are few land boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific at this scale). [116] Chile's government also categorize Easter Island, the Desventuradas Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being part of a region titled Insular Chile. They became known as the Chamorros. Trends i. 4.9 million), Brisbane (pop. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution. [82][83] Wallace insisted while the surface area of this wide definition was greater than that of Asia and Europe combined, the land area was only a little greater than that of Europe. Major Physiographic Features of Oceania This is a senior leadership position responsible for an integrated approach to population and public health programs and services in the Province of Manitoba. [393][394] The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. [76][77] American lexicographer Joseph Emerson Worcester wrote in 1840 that Oceania is "a term applied to a vast number of islands which are widely dispersed in the Pacific Ocean [] they are considered as forming a fifth grand division of the world." For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. Papua New Guinea alone is home to one-third of the world's languages - about 780 distinct vernaculars. Australia's per-capita GDP is higher than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of purchasing power parity. [26], The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun coined the French expression Terres ocaniques (Oceanic lands) c. 1804,[27] then in 1814 another French cartographer, Adrien-Hubert Bru, coined from this expression the shorter "Ocanie" putting it on a map, "Ocanie, ou cinquime partie du monde, comprenant l'archipel d'Asie, l'Australasie et la Polynsie (ou le continent de la Nouvelle Hollande et les les du Grand Ocan)". [168] Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia are more commonly grouped together as part of the Australasian biogeographical realm. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. The Samoan word for dance is siva, which consists of unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tell a story. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. The ancestors of the Micronesians settled there over 4,000 years ago. [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. Asia will add 620 mn more before reaching a peak in 2055, with home to 5.3 billion people. The most inclusivebut not always the most usefulembraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. [103] The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions. miles). Chai, Makana Risser. CSIRO Publishing. [182][183], The Bonin Islands are in the same biogeographical realm as the geographically adjacent Micronesia, and are often grouped in with the subregion because of this. [126] The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres . [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. [313] In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion. The term Oceania is used because, unlike the other continental groupings, it is the ocean that links the parts of the region together. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. [273] The koala, emu, platypus and kangaroo are national animals of Australia,[274] and the Tasmanian devil is also one of the well-known animals in the country. The Refaluwasch or Carolinian people came to the Marianas in the 1800s from the Caroline Islands. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centered on Yap and Pohnpei. [89] Cust considered Oceania's four subregions to be Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Oceania is of all the least populated continent, with the exception ofAntarctica. [112][143] In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the Northern Hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the Southern Hemisphere. [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. Mailing List - See more. Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the kiwi, kea, takah, kakapo, mohua, t, and the bellbird. [385] The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the King and the House of Representatives. "Decoding Pearl Harbor", in. Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. [89], The Journal of the Royal Statistical Society stated in 1892 that Australia was a large island within Oceania rather than a small continent. [336] Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began in 1899 when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes, causing a worldwide shortage of sugar and a huge demand for sugar from Hawaii. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. Population of Asia (0.83%), South America (0.81%) and North America (0.76%) are increasing with almost similar rate. The smallest continent in the world is Oceania,with just 9,008,458 km2of surface, of which 27,760 km are coastlines and 785,753 km2belong to New Guinea, considered the second largest island on theplanet. [403], Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. ( January 1 2023). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). How many regions is Oceania divided into? [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru and Palau all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness. In 2022 the population of Oceania was 43,451,000 and the average age increased from 29.6 in 1960 to 35.9. [344] In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by PPP-adjusted GDP. Which includes the present-day countries of Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore. "[140], American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. Willem Janszoon, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in Cape York Peninsula. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender. Australia and New Zealand's trading arrangements are known as Closer Economic Relations. [328][329][330], European migration to New Zealand provided a major influx following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. "[73] The Pacific Islands Forum expanded during the early 2010s, and areas that were already included in the UN definition of Oceania, such as French Polynesia, gained membership. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire. [163][164] As with Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia's New Caledonia has a significant non-indigenous European population, numbering around 71,000. [70][71] The CIA World Factbook also categorizes Oceania as one of the major continental divisions of the world, but the name "Australia and Oceania" is used. Papua New Guinea Raja Ampat, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. "[86] In his 1876 book The Earth and Its Inhabitants: Oceanica, French geographer lise Reclus labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. In the national agreement on Closing the Gap signed . Population density (people per sq. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. The ninth season of the reality TV series Survivor was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled Survivor: Vanuatu Islands of Fire. military). [227], Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. [277] The tuatara is a notable reptile endemic to New Zealand. The island chain borders both the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and is geologically a partially submerged volcanic extension of the Aleutian Range on the Alaskan mainland, that stretches for another 1,600 kilometers. [188] There is evidence of genetic and linguistic interchange between Australians in the far north and the Austronesian peoples of modern-day New Guinea and the islands, but this may be the result of recent trade and intermarriage. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. Many animals of Oceania have become true symbols of the continent. Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Population growth in Australia From 1960 to 2021 the population of Australia increased from 10.28 million to 25.69 million people. This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. [278], Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Wallacea, and the islands of the Pacific Ocean collectively possess 42% of the worlds parrot species, including half of all Critically Endangered parrots, many of which are endemic to the region. What Is The Population Of Oceania. By their definition, Near Oceania consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, with the exception of Santa Cruz Islands. [348][349] Melbourne also ranked highly in the world's most liveable city list,[350] and is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region.[351][352]. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. [436] The most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football garners the highest spectatorship numbers and television ratings. At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. [128][129], Ian Todd's 1974 book Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama also defines oceanic Latin American islands as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania, and included the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galpagos Islands, Guadalupe Island, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and Salas y Gmez. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). [383] Charles III is the King of New Zealand and the head of state. It is flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Southern Ocean to the south. It is held every four years and began in 1963. Yet the total land area of the islands is very smallonly some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). [457] These included a 310 defeat of American Samoa by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport. It is one of three massive states that are constantly at war with each other, with the. OCEANIA BRITANNICA POVERTY IN OCEANIA Poverty in Australia [Analysis & Poverty Observatory, 2020] With data compiled from 2018 has shown that 3 million people or 13.2% of Australia's population is in poverty. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part . [38] The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011) describes the areas encompassed in Oceania as being "afterthoughts in world history texts, lumped together and included at the end of global surveys as areas largely marginal to the main events of world history". [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. Introduction II. West Papua was split from Papua province in 2003 but still retain autonomous status, On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of, National Gallery of Victoria Victorian Heritage Register. Tuvalu. Oceania's population tops around 45 million people and spans over 8,525,929 square kilometers. [339], Large areas of New Guinea are unexplored by scientists and anthropologists due to extensive forestation and mountainous terrain. [84] Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's Society Islands, Tasmania, and Tonga. Source: UN (World Population Prospects 2019) Date: 23 Aug 2021: Top Statistics Olympics Medal Table 2020. As codified in the Hawaiian Constitution, there are three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. Australia, New Zealand, and other nations took part in the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands between 2003 and 2017 after a request for aid. Vocabulary. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. This definition consists of discrete political entities, and so excludes the Bonin Islands, Hawaii, Clipperton Island and the Juan Fernndez Islands, along with Easter Island which was annexed by Chile in 1888. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) [338], Archaeology, linguistics, and existing genetic studies indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. [154], Other uninhabited Pacific Ocean landmasses have been explicitly associated with Oceania,[155] including the highly remote Baker Island and Wake Island (now administered by the U.S. The national government (malo) generally controls the legislative assembly. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. Definition: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Beginning c. 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island would begin construction of nearly 900 moai (large stone statues). For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. Sydney (pop. Population of Oceania. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. [67] These tropical islands are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia. Fukudome, Shigeru, "Hawaii Operation". [249] The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. [245] Hawaii's tallest mountain Mauna Kea is 4,205m (13,796ft) above mean sea level. They are now often referred to as Maritime Southeast Asia, with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore being founding members of the ASEAN regional organization for Southeast Asia in 1967 (Brunei and East Timor did not exist as independent nations at that point). Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. [66][113] Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong. Power parity tops around 45 million people as forming a fourth continent known as Closer economic Relations makes one-third! 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