Since reprioritizing protection, the UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan has faced extreme challenges due to the deterioration of the security situation and its complex relationship with the government of the Republic of South Sudan. In small groups, have students use the MapMaker Interactive to create geo-tours of the Lost Boys' journey.Have small groups load the MapMaker Interactive. Newsroom| "The reason things turned from a political crisis to a war was not because of ethnic divisions as such, but because the army was not a professionalized, institutionalized army," he says. Sudan is the first Muslim and Arab country to employ female judges, cinematographers, football referees, army members, and police officers. John Dau, a former "Lost Boy," works to help others in his immigrant community as well as at home in South Sudan. Or, they may respond with examples of values, such as individualism, personal rights, innovation, or democracy.2. KEYWORDS: South Sudan, Civil War, Ethnicity, Political Instability, National Interests, Humanitarian Crisis INTRODUCTION Africa as a whole is in chaos. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach These services are provided with special emphasis on gender protection and representation, challenging communities to change the way they engage with one another, and empowering women to take leadership roles in their communities. Though largely taking a back seat in mediation efforts run by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and neighboring countries, the United States and its international partners have an interest in ensuring a lasting settlement to the conflict in South Sudan, addressing the humanitarian crisis caused by the war, and preventing destabilizing regional spillover. And indeed, all the evidence we have is that they are committing the same crimes. Sustainability Policy| Because of the continual raids and wars between segments, a chieftainship, with the power to use force to maintain peace, was established. The Bambara people of Sudan are famous for their wood-carved antelope headdresses that have immense cultural significance. Similar patterns were also made on the upper arms of successful hunters. And the groups that had organized around the president, the militias, including the Mathiang Anyoor or the brown caterpillar, who carried out the massacres in Juba in the first days of the conflict in December 2013they had organized on an ethnic basis. Our emergency response thus far has included provision of potable water andemergency latrines, hygiene promotion training, mobile health services for pregnant women and children under fiveand distribution of basic non-food items for 39,000 internally displaced persons. These three cultures are those of the Fur, Muslim Africans in the far western part of the country; the Humr tribe of the Baqqrah Arabs, of west-central Sudan; and the Otoro tribe of the Nuba, in east-central Sudan. Each village had a council of elders who decided minor cultivation disputes and enforced their decisions by advice and warning. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, How fake copyright complaints are muzzling journalists, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us. Distribute the worksheet and have students complete it.Distribute copies of the worksheet The Lost Boys Cultural Identity. Traditional and folk music like the Sufi Dervishes, Haqibah, Southern Sudanese folk music, and Northern Sudanese lyrical music also lost their prominence in modern-day Sudan. Locally, there was a descending hierarchy of hereditary fief stewards, village heads, and, lastly, heads of households. Academic and Higher Education Webinars, C.V. Starr & Co. This lesson targets the following skills: The resources are also available at the top of the page. Sudan has been in the midst of a political crisis since long-serving ruler Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April. Revolution, unrest and war have ravaged Sudan's history since its independence from British and Egyptian rule in 1956. Code of Ethics| This agreement was followed by a peace agreement to end the civil war signed by the government and Machars opposition party, along with several other rebel factions. There were a few Qurnic schools among the Fur, in which elementary Arabic, arithmetic, and the Qurn were taught. In all societies under comparison, there were ritual and ceremonial practices marking the stages in the life cycle of the individualbirth, circumcision, puberty, marriage, and death. Ask: What physical aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? Interestingly, music influenced by the West has gained popularity in the country today. In July 2014, the UN Security Council declared South Sudans food crisis the worst in the world. Famine was declared in South Sudan during the first few months of 2017, with nearly five million people at risk from food insecurity. The Council on Foreign Relations'Nigeria Security Tracker is an effort to catalog and map political violence based on a weekly survey of Nigerian and international press. READ DIRECTIONS Activity 2: Mapping the Migration of the Lost Boys 45 mins Students map the migration journey of the Lost Boys and Girls. Women are at the forefront of the demonstrations. Have students add routes from New York City to those states. Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History, This lists the logos of programs or partners of NG Education which have provided or contributed the content on this page. the way a person views themselves in relation to the learned characteristics and behaviors of a group or community. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. If you do not have enough time, encourage students to watch the film at home on their own.5. In 2017 and 2018, a series of cease-fires were negotiated and subsequently violated between the two sides and other factions. process by which people acquire the culture and habits of the dominant group. The former is based on magic, superstition, and fanciful scenes. The marriage was usually dissolved by the total refund of the bridewealth to the former husband. The following discussion of three of those cultures merely suggests some rather prominent cultural patterns that are illustrative of the wide range present. The Ministry of Culture, Museums and National Heritage Youth and Sports is cognizant that this premier Culture Policy is being rolled out at a critical time in our country's history, Have a whole-class discussion to have students make media-to-self connections.Ask: 5. The countrys sportsmen also excel in the field of athletics. So there were ethnically based grievances and ethnically based narratives of fear, which meant that when fighting broke out, people fled to their brethren for security. They perhaps fear the protests in Sudan could inspire similar events to take place in their countries. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. The latter has a religious overtone and are usually related to praising Muhammad. If possible, show students the full film, God Grew Tired of Us, during class time. person who flees their home, usually due to natural disaster or political upheaval. In 2014, the AU itself carried out an investigation into violations of human rights and international humanitarian law during the armed conflict. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Men and women usually live their separate lives where they socialize with members of the same sex. 1. Ongoing disputes and the lack of power-sharing agreements between many of South Sudans rival factions in the civil war that ended in 2018 has cast doubt on whether the government will be able to prevent violence in the lead-up to national elections, which are set to occur in 2022. Discuss the hazards and physical challenges of the routes. Civil Unrest in Geneina. 1. If possible, find other examples of Sudanese and Dinka cultural markers to share with students. Have students watch the excerpt and write about it.Show students the excerpt and have them list their questions about the video and its content as they watch. Here's what you need to know about the crisis. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry has warned South Sudans leaders to carry out the terms of the peace deal or face sanctions and a loss of U.S. aid. The excerpt includes stories from the Kakuma refugee camp. *Update: As of May 12, 2021, the number of people displaced by the current conflict has increased: Lydia Dawsonserves as World Reliefs Humanitarian and Disaster Response Unit Program Officer in Sudan, and in disaster response worldwide. If there are, ask if any would be willing to visit your school and speak with students. On January 16, 2021, civil unrest was reported in the Geneina area in West Darfur as a result of violence between Masalit and Arab tribesmen groups that have had a long history of conflict over land and water resources. Preteach or review vocabulary. While women and girls in Sudan already face challenges due to their gender, these challenges become more pronounced when they are living in displacement camps as a result of violence in their communities. Tribalism, as a theory is based on variables such as combinations of kingship-based, with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach, Understanding the Roots of Conflict in South Sudan, Security forces patrol the Dar Petroleum Operating Company oil production operated in Palogue oil field within Upper Nile State in South Sudan, September 7, 2016. Religious schools teaching Islamic values are found in large numbers. Introduce the vocabulary word diaspora and have students add routes to their maps.Explain to students that the vocabulary word diaspora refers to the migration of a people away from an established homeland, or the displacement of a people. Terracotta sculptures from Sudan are also noteworthy. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the Sudanese government's disregard for the western region and its non-Arab population. Men are regarded as the primary breadwinners. (Photo: Jok Solomun/Reuters), Congress Should Close the Crimes Against Humanity Loophole. What is the capacity for the UN to play a stabilizing role given the recent criticism of its peacekeepers for failing to prevent rape and other abuses happening in the capital? This would require a type of dedicated administration and political leadership that we havent seen from the UN in South Sudan over the last few years. About 70% of the population are Sudanese Arab. Pre-teach relevant vocabulary, including human migration, immigrant, emigrant, refugee, and resettlement.2. Cuts to bread and. Subsistence farming and livestock raising, Isml Pasha and the growth of European influence, Multiparty elections and preparations for southern independence, Domestic challenges and the 2015 general elections, Challenge to Bashirs rule and the 2019 military coup, Tension, protests, and the 2021 military coup, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. human imprint on the physical environment. Terms of Service| Kissra is usually consumed with a stew and together constitute the most popular everyday meal of Sudan. Have a whole-class discussion about the needs of your community and what type of service would be most beneficial. Women are expected to look after the household and bring up children. Polygyny and leviratic marriages were practiced, and bridewealth payments established wider contact between social groups. The fighting led to 400 thousand deaths and drove four million from their homes and food sources. Point out northern and southern Sudan. Civil war along ethnic . Gender-based roles are well-defined. Some popular beverages of Sudan are fruit juices, a drink called Hilumur made of corn flour and spices, Sudanese coffee, fruit, and herbal teas, etc. The best known division is that between the "North" and the This system marked the development of a person from an ordinary youth to that of a big man. Girls also formed age-grade groups. Protracted civil conflict in the Sudan generally has its origin in socio-economic inequities caused by neglect of the agricultural sector, misguided land reforms, unfair The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Read about our approach to external linking. Pre-teach relevant vocabulary, including human migration, immigrant, emigrant, refugee, and resettlement.2. Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO) rebels fire weapons during an assault on Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA) soldiers in the town of Kaya, on the border with Uganda, in South Sudan on August 26, 2017. Point out the homeland of the Dinkain southern Sudan along the White Nile. National Geographic Headquarters The upsurge in anti-Americanism in South Sudan has to be seen in this context. Five days later, the military announced that the president had been overthrown. The various kingdoms that ruled the land and the diverse ethnic groups inhabiting the country have all contributed to the Sudanese art. The next challenge to the UN is if it is to have any sort of stepped-up political, administrative role, is it actually capable of doing it? Football is the most popular spectator sport in Sudan. Have students watch the excerpt and write about it.Show students the excerpt and have them list their questions about the video and its content as they watch. In the economic and religious spheres, the clan did not exercise influence, but it did impose upon its members the collective duty of blood feud in the case of homicide between clans. Top 10 Alcohol Consuming Countries In The World, The Biggest Heists and Bank Robberies in American History. A leader of the Nuer, the second largest ethnic group in South Sudan, he had split from the SPLM and fought against it for years during the civil war. Have students brainstorm service-learning projects for your community.If possible, have students brainstorm possible service-learning projects for your community. 2022 World Relief | Privacy Policy | World Relief is a registered 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, Site Designed and Developed by 5by5 - A Change Agency, Crisis in Sudan: Responding to Violence and Empowering Women, Refugees, Immigrants, and Displaced People, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Relief Baltimore Immigrant Services Office, 151,400 IDPs in Geneina (West Darfur) from Jan-April 2021, 65,000 newly displaced IDPs in April alone. Girls play in an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp outside the UN base in Malakal, South Sudan on July 24, 2014. Modern Sudanese literature emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries and was mainly written in Arabic or some local languages like the Fur language. Jeanne Wallace-Weaver, Educational Consultant. The military has also faced international condemnation for the attack on protesters on 3 June, with the UK saying the military council bore "full responsibility". The protests broadened into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had been in charge for 30 years - and his government. The resignation of Prime Minister Hamdok and growing public anger have deepened uncertainty in Sudan. Tell students that they will see an excerpt, called "From Sudan to the United States." Sudan has a rich heritage of music and dance that have suffered greatly since the implementation of the Sharia law in 1989. Elections to be held at the end of that period, A sovereign council, cabinet and legislative body will be formed, A general will head the council for the first 21 months, a civilian for the remaining 18, Sovereign council will have 11 members (5 civilian and 5 military nominees plus one agreed by consensus), A prime minister, nominated by the pro-democracy movement, will head the cabinet, The ministers of defence and interior will be chosen by the military, The other positions will be taken by pro-democracy candidates, Sovereign council and cabinet members barred from running for election. Traditional cultures Because of Sudan's great cultural diversity, it is difficult to classify the traditional cultures of the various peoples. Jeanne Wallace-Weaver, Educational Consultant, adapted from the National Geographic Xpeditions lessons God Grew Tired of Us: Migration and Cultural Interaction and God Grew Tired of Us: Culture Clash and Community-Building. The organization of a surra depended on the number of cattle and the distribution of their ownership among the surras members. Ask: What words would you use to describe American culture? March 15, 2022 In response, the TMC expressed "sorrow for the way events escalated", saying that the operation had targeted "trouble makers and petty criminals" . C.V. Starr & Co. In eastern . Sudan is a Northeast African country with varied geography featuring deserts, mountains, sea coasts, and more. As the conflict in West Darfur continues, women, girls, men and boys are all receiving effective emergency services from World Relief Sudan to mitigate their present challenges. Relief workers called them the Lost Boys after the characters in the J.M. The Dinka are the largest ethnic group in southern Sudan. by Lindsay Maizland Barrie novel Peter Pan who formed a family and took care of each other in Never-Never Land. Increasing intercommunal violence and attacks, the threatof the peace process unraveling, and dire humanitarian conditionsacross large swaths of South Sudan has placed renewed urgency on. Popular music, hip hop, Southern Sudanese modern music, and modern tribal music are popular among the Sudanese youth today, especially in the urban areas. These water points are fenced, to reduce the possibility of violence around these areas, as violence towards women is common when women travel outside of their villages to collect water. September 14, 2016 11:45 am (EST) Five years after gaining independence, South Sudan is gripped by a civil war that has killed an estimated 50,000 and displaced 1.6 million. 26. Patrilineal descent was important in determining the social identity of a person, inheritance, and rights and duties concerning marriage and bridewealth (gifts from the groom and his kinsmen to the father of the bride and his kinsmen). by Diana Roy All the groups had some form of class distinction. . What this meant was that the actual mechanisms for the political management of South Sudan collapsed. Point out northern and southern Sudan. 25. The rights of the village were vested in its inhabitants jointly. Basketball, volleyball, handball are other popular games played in the country. The UN authorized the deployment of an additional four thousand peacekeepers as part of a regional protection force in 2016, although their arrival was delayed until August 2017. Have students locate Sudan on the map.Ask students to locate Sudan on a wall map of the world. And particularly in this instance, the South Sudanese combatant abuses have been overlooked for years and years, because they were the good guys [in the long civil war against northern Sudan forces]. Together, these conflicts displaced more than 3 million people; while some repatriation has taken place, about 3.04 million IDPs remained in Sudan as of February 2022. Since then, for over 75 years, across 100 countries, World Relief has partnered with local churches and communities to develop sustainable, locally-driven solutions to some of our worlds greatest problems. It is affecting Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan and it is keeping regional rivalries alive that have other destabilizing consequences. Tensions have continued to grow in the days since this recent bout of violence, resulting in: In crises such as these, women and girls are especially vulnerable. In contrast, the Humr Baqqrah had a political system based on a segmentary lineage organization. "There is consensus amongst key stakeholders that while some progress has been made in implementing the Revitalised Agreement, critical elements involving security . This interview has been edited and condensed. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar First, that the political rivals could reconcile and resolve their differences. by Richard Haass Then use the provided answer key to discuss students' answers.4. They will best know the preferred format. John Dau, a former "Lost Boy," works to help others in his immigrant community as well as at home in South Sudan. The other teams included South Africa, Ethiopia, and Egypt. Yemens internal divisions and a Saudi-led military intervention have spawned an intractable political, military, and humanitarian crisis. Mask-making, pottery, basket-weaving, etc., are some other skills of Sudanese craftsmen. In the United States, the Lost Boys faced many challenges while adapting to their new lives and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. Ask groups to mark the routes the Lost Boys took. In December 2013, following a political struggle between Kiir and Machar that led to Machar's removal as vice president, violence erupted between presidential guard soldiers from the two largest ethnic groups in South Sudan. In late December 2013, the UN Security Council authorized a rapid deployment of about 6,000 security forces, in addition to 7,600 peacekeepers already in the country, to aid in nation-building efforts. Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. They are taught gender-based skills at an early age. A video of a young woman standing on the roof of a car and leading the chants was widely shared on social media. What Is The Difference Between Catholic And Christian? The AU, based on its earlier investigation, has every reason for saying these crimes are being committed and it should intervene. If not, contact one of the Lost Boys groups with active websites and establish a pen-pal correspondence between them and your students. Promotion was marked with festivities, and members of each age-grade lived separately. Compounding the situation was an economic crisis that incapacitated markets and sent the price of food beyond what most people could . They have lost a lot of face and have been discredited. It also reflects the ethnic diversity of the countrys population. Each surra had a leader who was wealthy but who had no administrative functions unless he was already a member of the local government. transportation of people to a new residential area, usually following a natural or man-made disaster. Dairy and milk are fundamental to the diet of most Sudanese. Students summaries should include: Students map the migration journey of the Lost Boys and Girls. Since December 2018, daily street protests have taken place across the Republic of Sudan. by Kali Robinson The Constitutive Act of the AU contains a couple of key provisions. Total of 237,000 people displaced by conflict in the Darfur region in the first 4 months of 2021 which is more than 4 times those displaced by conflict in all of 2020. This lists the logos of programs or partners of. Activity 1: The Lost Boys of Sudan 45 mins Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. By Inside Story. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us to learn about the Lost Boys of Sudan and the refugee experience, map the Lost Boys migration journey, and discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. Show them the excerpts "Sense of Place and Community," "Cultural Differences," and "Responsibility and Leadership."3. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The long transition period is seen as a victory for the pro-democracy movement - the generals had threatened a snap election after the 3 June crackdown. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. Impact of disruption. A woman dubbed 'Kandaka', which means Nubian queen, has become a symbol for protesters. Broadly speaking, the traditional societies of Sudan exhibited two types of political organization: the hierarchical system of the Fur and the segmentary systems of the Humr Baqqrah and Otoro. 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