There's so much misinformation out there, and marketing spin. It's also important to note that any claim that an unopened product has a shelf life of two to three years, begins at the date the product is packaged. After deciding whether you have oily, normal or dry skin, you then need to pick between light, medium or full coverage and between liquid, stick or cream concealer. Weightless. Feature image: TikTok;@savannahnunues; @lexi_rowe1. 210. Yep. For powder complexion products, the shelf life is up to two years; powder eye shadows, on the other hand, youll want to replace after six to nine months; liquid or cream foundations or blushes should be replaced after a year. Available at Sephora. This concealer is marketed as giving a simple, no-makeup look, which we found to be true. Other brands we spoke with are approaching preservation from a different angle with the understanding that water is causing molding, they are choosing to work with a lot less H2O, and therefore cut back on the need for preservatives. "Makeup with skincare benefits is one of the biggest trends in beauty," said clean cosmetic chemist Krupa Koestline, founder of KKT Consultants. Leaping Bunny is an international award given by the Coalition for Consumer Information on Cosmetics (CCIC). ZmM3MjlmYmFlNTI4YWE2MjM5MzZiOGYyODc2YjE5ZDlhMGZjMzUxZTAzZjE5 $28.00. In a consumer study after 28 days of use: 100% of people agreed that Revealer improved the quality of their bare skin, 100% of people agreed it effectively conceals dark under eye circles, dark spots, and blemishes, 100% of people agreed it made their skin appear more radiant and luminous. INGREDIENTS: Arnica and Panthenol: Ultimate skin-calming tool for blemishes. Preservatives in cosmetics are doing their job efficiently and keeping your products safe and, most importantly, the vast majority of brands are approaching product preservation thoughtfully and directionally. TikTokers quickly gave their two cents on the drama. It's possible that many of the similar claims online are also a result of not reading the expiry labels, especially given the lack of context attached to them. ODFlZjU5ZWE0YWJjODdhMzRkYzdkYWY2MDRmZmVmZGVlYWE2MTc1NmE3YTQy Whether you've tried this particular concealer or not, chances are if you're a beauty fan you're across Kosas' products. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Water is an essential skin-care ingredient and important to formulate with, but it's also an ideal medium for microbial growth, which has to be considered when making a product, wrote Helen Ambrosen, Lush co-founder, and Milly Alqhuist, Lush skin-care category lead and researcher, in an email to Refinery29. 3 Steps to brighten your eyes 1. These days customers are becoming more and more switched on about beauty ingredients than ever before (thanks, COVID) - so for many, being directed to an FAQ section of a website isn't enough. The clean beauty companies we spoke to reinforced their commitment to testing and ensuring efficacy. ZTZlNTg5NDBmYjVlMmE5OGE2MDExYmNkYjhiNTFlYTFlODAwMDA1NjIxZDk4 Very chemical-y, kinda like nail polish remover. An eight-month-old Reddit thread resurfaced on TikTok with claims that someone had found mold in her Kosas concealer. $38.00. It is also suitable for all skin types, especially acne-prone and combination skin types. Delivery: Delivery costs apply. Here's what we found. Not a surprising outcome of this whole "clean beauty" thing, really. M2FiYmQ0MGE3ZjNiNmRiMDk0ZjA0NWQxNjY4OTRlY2M2ZWJlYWU2MTJkMTc3 But does that mean you have to choose between using chemicals that the non-toxic beauty community has been vilifying for years or concealer that develops a blue cheese smell? I figured its probably done for anyway, because concealers usually last 1-2 years, but I went back to use this a couple weeks later and I found black spots in my concealer. Detailed comparison of Lys Beauty Triple Fix Serum Foundation - TN6 Honey versus Kosas Revealer Skin-Improving Foundation in Very Light Neutral 100. Dr Wong said, "It would be interesting to see the details of their preservative testing if they've done that. Bieber used the product under her eyes, around her nose and near her mouth . Shipping costs and times for international orders vary depending on the location. During our testing, we found that this medium-coverage concealer is best suited for individuals with oily, normal or combination skin looking for that natural, no-makeup look. Also, it has a thick wet consistency that glides easily over your lips, so you can wear it comfortably. Kosas confirms that they do not test their products on animals or partner with suppliers that conduct animal testing even if the law requires it. Kosas Cloud Set Setting Powder | Smoothing Shine Control, (Sheer Medium) Product Description A medium coverage, super creamy concealer, eye cream, and spot treatment in one that visibly brightens and helps reveal better skin over time. Here's a nifty trick. You will have to wait to the checkout page to get estimated costs or delivery times. The formulations, including the new Peace Self-Preserving Moisturizer, employ naturally antimicrobial ingredients like salt, honey, and cocoa butter in lieu of added preservatives. So, if - like me - you really don't want to . It was the best concealer I have ever used. Shop February beauty launches from Olaplex, Glossier, NYX, Olive and June, Benefit Cosmetics, Kosas, Lawless, Danessa Myricks, Bondi Sands and more. A vitalizing layer of energy, a sensory, mental layer, a discerning intellectual layer, and a layer of truthful bliss. Kosas describes itself as a Next-Level clean beauty brand that offers quick and easy makeup created with clean formulas. MzE5NSIsInNpZ25hdHVyZSI6IjQ2MTVhYmM2YTk3ZDQ0MTI5YzJiM2MyNjU2 NjMwYWY4NDY3ODcyMDUyM2NmMWJkMmYxMDhjNDBlOTg3OWI2Y2QwZjllNDc4 Product details Package Dimensions : 4.25 x 0.75 x 0.75 inches; 1.13 Ounces Item model number : KOS **Based on a clinical study with 20 women 35-65 years old after using Revealer Concealer for 28 days. It's $30 for 0.16 ounces and has 20 shade options. MWM0YTFjYWEwYjRhMTJmNjcyMDhhNGY1NWE4MmY2YjIxYmZkNzE0MDRiOGRm ODQ3NWQzNTUzNGQzM2ZmNTM0ZmFkYzA5MWZlODVmYjQ5MDk2ZTlmZTRkYjJj Cosmetic chemistNi'Kita Wilson says you'll know your concealer has gone bad if the color has started to change in addition to reading the expiry date, trust your eyes and nose to let you know when something is off with your products. Cosmetic and skin-care brand NUDESTIX is also conscious of water content, says president and founder Jenny Frankel. I figured its probably done for anyway, because concealers usually last one to two years, but I went back to use this a couple of weeks later and I found black spots in my concealer," they continued. ZWJjOTk3N2JhMWE2MmE0MTI0OTNiOGMyZWU3ZjUyNmM0NjQyMDVhMTc3YmY5 As for natural preservatives (like sodium benzoate and phenoxyethanol) vs. chemical preservatives (like parabens), Koestline says that there really neednt be a distinction. This concealer feels, blends, and looks like a dream! Because just for the record, preservatives are not bad. Kosas Cosmetics is a cruelty-free brand that is Leaping Bunny-certified. NWMxYzg1OWJiMTgwYWI0NmY4YzVmODYzN2E3YjgwZWIyZGQ1MTZiNDU5Yzhh Covers and reduces the look of dark circles and blemishes while highlighting what makes your skin, yours. For instance, to use the Tinted Face Oil foundation; Step one - Pour one drop on your face and gently apply the product directly to your skin. I Tried Tarte's Maracuja Juicy Glow Foundation and I'm Glowing Like Never Before. The Revealer Concealer consists of a medium coverage, super-creamy concealer, eye cream, and spot treatment to give your skin the best look. After launching its latest product on an epic influencer trip to Dubai, senior commerce writer Angela Trakoshis gives her honest thoughts on the foundation. Nars Concealer may be better for those with dry skin. 6 17 Also, 10% off your first order. According to the Reddit post, one consumer noticed a "blue cheese smell" after using the concealer for about nine months. . *Based on a consumer study with 20 women after using Revealer Concealer for 28 days. Many clean beauty products, including Kosas' concealer, list expiration dates as soon as six months after their on-sale date. The new Kosas foundation thus joined the upsurge of cosmetics with skincare benefits, which help bring about a cosmetic effect while incorporating elements that are actually good for the skin. Many of NUDESTIX formulations are cream anhydrous-based [no water present] and therefore can have preservative-free formulations, she explains. NET-A-PORTER. Preservatives are necessary to keep our cosmetics safe, especially during their intended use and overall shelf life, she explains. Its packed with potent botanicals, peptides and hyaluronic acid that hydrate, visibly plump and give a smooth, radiant finish. The latest name on the chopping block? Kosas formulates our cosmetics to embrace femininity. I know some people say it creases but I have found that to avoid creasing, you either have to set it pretty well with powder or not set at all. Kosas. What are the dos and donts? 6 Editors Weigh In On Spring Shades, This Face Mask Gave My Dry Skin An Instant Glow-Up, 4 Cult Beauty Products French Women Swear By For Amazing Skin, This Hair Mask Is So Good, I Look Forward To Wash Day, Cue Confetti: Glossier Is Now Available At Sephora, The Haus Labs Color Fuse Blush Makes Other Blush Look Bad, Diors $40 Lip Oil Is More Than Just A GlossIts An, Michaela Ja Rodriguez Has The Secret To Glowing Skin, European Unions Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, deplete the natural diversity of your microbiome. NDM3NGM0ZDEzODZiNjA4NDA1YmFmMTI2MDQ5NWZiNTAzNmFhNmMzZmY1ZWJj put that down for a minute. But once you crack it open, keep your eye on the calendar because you'll likely have to toss it after six months. Vegan, cruelty-free and gluten-free. Kosas also boasts that you may not need to purchase a toner again while using this tinted face oil foundation. MTJkZDUyNTJmZGUzZGQzNWZhMjUwOTdiYWI4NjFlMGU4Mzg0MWJkZjIyNjdk Kosas delivers expert colour with clean formulas and are renowned for their Tinted Face Oil, a cleverly formulated foundation, used with or without tools, that provides elevated coverage. It's the ultimate tool for breakouts, as it helps reduce blemishes and soothes irritation and redness. Unfortunately, if this product is not formulated at a pH of below 5.0, then microbes of mold can grow." It's possible that they could repackage the same formula in lower-risk packaging (e.g. Customer-uploaded media carousel. Ooh, New GiftsGet a free Mini Air Brow Clear with orders $70+ & a free Kosas Puffer Makeup Bag with orders $115+. Buy It! Today, we are testing out a concealer that I have recently been getting lots of questions on. Over time, Kosas has gained major popularity on social media platforms, with an impressive 280k followers on Instagram. Although these Lip Oil Glosses feel so lovely and thin on the lips, they're very over-priced. NTE0MjYwYzQwYjIwYTM0NDE0MmIzM2VmZDM3ZWY5YzA1ZGRhZWFhYjA1NmJl Billed as a concealer-meets-eye-cream hybrid, this lightweight formula delivers creamy coverage that lasts all day. That is,how should Kosas be reacting to social media allegations? It smells bad. Non-irritating. Revealer Concealer Concealer Meets Eye Cream (880) Size 6 ml/ 0.20 fl oz Full Size Mini Tone 0.5 Very light with neutral undertones Find Your Shade Add to Bag $30 Free Shipping on US Orders $40+ & Free Returns Turn on your best skin. YzU5YTk2MWJiYmNjMzBlYmRhMjJiNWIzMjQ0ZWJmNTkxYjg5YWFiYTY0OTc0 It will go on looking too light, but as you blend and allow it to settle for 3-5 minutes it will truly melt into your skin tone. $30.00. Several weeks later, after purchasing a new Kosas concealer, the poster revisited the old one . Shipping for US orders is free, and orders are shipped within 2-3 business days after you place your order. The Kosas Revealer Concealer is a medium-to-full coverage concealer that's designed to visibly brighten the skin.. It's packed with a bunch of powerful skincare ingredients that are typically found in products like an eye creamwhich is why Kosas calls it a "concealer-meets-eye cream" hybrid.. Truthfully, when I got the package containing the concealer, I was so excited to try it . What is the difference between Revealer Foundation and Revealer Concealer? It is non-sticky and does not dry up or leave flakes even after long wear. Looking at cosmetic products, 99% of cosmetics in the market are water-based, says Krupa Koestline, founder of KKT Consultants and a cosmetic chemist specializing in clean beauty product development. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. @AlexBT I'm a fan of both the maracuja lip (so shiny!) Clean, or non-toxic, beauty is a broad, non-scientific and non-regulated term generally used by brands that avoid synthetic compounds including preservatives like parabens, widely used throughout cosmetics for decades. But with skincare and cosmetic products, the individual experiences are usually different. OGYxYmQwMGZjZTM5ZjNmYjAyZWJmMmJjZjRmYTBmYmFlNTk4YTQ4MDZkMzZl Super clean.Comfy makeup.Active skincare. MDMzMzVlZTI2MmJhYjQyNmRiMGQwNDEzY2JhZjdhY2MzNjk1OWFiMzhlYjE3 ", In a TikTok video, LA-based cosmetic chemist Javon Ford weighed in on the controversy, saying it "starts an interesting conversation on why brands can't be too clean in the ingredients they put in their formula. Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Experts explain what's going on with this concealer and why it's fueling a backlash against "clean beauty" as a whole. On the whole, nearly all cosmetics companies are using some form of preservatives as they work to combat the slipperiest of culprits: water. We recommend applying Foundation first and then Concealer. It works best for the under-eye area and lasts all day without caking or creasing. What do you think of the Kosas concealer backlash? For example, should they make the tubes smaller so all the products can be used well within the expiration date? The Kosas website offers a questionnaire to help you find your shade, although going to Sephora in person might be your best bet if you're worried about finding an exact match. It seems the first claims of mold in Kosass Revealer Concealer appeared on Reddit in June 2022, when oneuser explained that while they initially loved the concealer, "nine months later, I started to notice a blue cheese smell." Lightweight serum concealer. Revealer Foundation is made to be a medium-coverage foundation that includes SPF 25. The issue disappeared when we swapped sunscreens, but its important to note this concealer may not work well with all skincare products. Once we applied our Kosas Revealer Concealer, we would use a makeup blender or a finger to blend the product into our skin. ", "However, they're not usually associated with being broad spectrum. The latest fuel to the fire is Kosas' Revealer Concealer, a cult-favorite product for its simultaneous hydration powers and lasting coverage, and even helps eliminate the guessing game of how. Dermatologically tested. If your love for makeup tutorials, beauty reviews, and skincare hacks landed you on #BeautyTok, then you're probably familiar with the Kosas Revealer Concealer ($28)a product that instantly developed a cult-following thanks to its countless positive reviews on TikTok. Its a flat doe foot applicator. The Kosas Wet Lip Oil Gloss is the perfect product for people who want glossy lips, but without the thick sticky feeling - with some added hydration in there too. However, off the back of the recent 'greenwashing' beauty trend over the past few years (read: 'natural' this and 'chemical free' that), the views and opinions on preservatives have changed, with many consumers now seeing them as dangerous and 'bad' for your health. They offer cruelty-free, non-toxic, non-polluting substances with multiple vegan options. The unique base with Caffeine has a brightening, dewy finish thats never tacky. Designers Kosas at REVOLVE with free 2-3 day shipping and returns, 30 day price match guarantee. As previously stated, I'm a makeup minimalist, so anything I can't blend in with. MWQzMWUxYmM4ZWY5NzlmZmNjOTYwOTdlN2Y1MjM2NTQ5MTIyOGM0YzlhMzc3 In addition to any PAO symbols, batch codes, or expiration dates printed on the packaging, you can always use your own senses to suss out whether or not a product is still good to use. The star product Revealer Concealer is favored by consumers. Discounts, shipping and taxes calculated at checkout. Free Shipping on US Orders $40+ & Free Returns, Free Gift Alert! SHOP NOW: Rare Beauty Liquid Touch Brightening Concealer, $33 from Sephora SHOP NOW: Maybelline Instant Age Rewind Eraser Multi-Use Concealer, $17.99 on sale from Chemist Warehouse NTE5YmUyMDU1OGRjYzI5MTQ4NGE2M2UwMzRiMzFhN2JhMjFiYjQyMDhkYmIx Anyone have the same experience. NDYyMGUxMGZjYzY0MTgyZGNjZTdlODQwZjQwNTUyMTFmYzI2ZGUzZjAxMTVm . Free Shipping on US Orders $40+ & Free Returns, Free Gift Alert! Growing beauty communities on social media platforms like TikTok and Reddit have effectively democratized the industry by giving beauty fans the power to amplify their praise and concerns around products and brands. They offer products that focus on your natural features rather than hiding them. It is Ophthalmologist tested and can be used by people who wear glasses or contact lenses. (BestReviews). I absolutely love the formula, However I bought the concealer samples, shade matched myself 2.5 was literally perfection blended so seamless with my skin. Theres no real need for panic. Vitamin-Infused Skin Illuminating Enhancer 10 Colors. 2.8K. Even the most popular beauty brands and their viral products are not immune to the internets cut-throat critique. It also includes shea butter and jojoba oil rich in vitamins that nourish and moisturize the skin. NGI5YWM3NWY0YjE4ZjgyMjMxYTczMDI0ZDY1N2JlMjQ4MTgwMTA4Zjc5NmU5 Aqua, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Mica, Octyldodecanol, Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate, Ethylethyl Olivate, Glycerin, Undecane, Polyhydroxystearic Acid, Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate, Galactoarabinan, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Wax, Tridecane, Lecithin, Propanediol, Glyceryl Oleate, Pentylene Glycol, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5, Caffeine, Squalane, Dunaliella Salina (Algae) Extract, Tocopherol, Maltodextrin, Arnica Montana Flower Extract, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil, Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) Fruit Oil, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Phospholipids, Phenethyl Alcohol, Ascoryl Palmitate, Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides Citrate [May Contain: Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491), Iron Oxides (CI 77492), Iron Oxides (CI 77499)] I absolutely love the consistency but after 30 minutes if splitting I got HUGE chemical burns and broke out like never before. After speaking with experts it seems that, in order to align with the brand's own clean standards, Kosas opted to use certain preservatives in their formulations that aren't the industrys best, potentially at the expense of a practical shelf life. When asked to provide a comment regarding the mold claims, a representative for the brand pointed us to theFAQs page on its website. "Preservatives have been a victim of their own success because it seems like a lot of people have forgotten about these problems. It would be a massive shame if these became significant problems again," Dr Wong warns. Oswego residents vote in GOP primary for village president, trustee, Woman, 55, fatally wounded Tuesday night in North Austin neighborhood, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. Ad Choices. The user claimed they reached out to Kosas for an explanation and the brand responded that "they [would] look into it." The original comment acquired 100 responses from other Kosas customers who allegedly also found mold in their concealers and the news eventually made its way onto TikTok in the past week, where users are now making videos smelling their Revealer Concealers to check for mold. After receiving your order, if youre not satisfied with the purchase, you can return the item to Kosas within 30days. Despite our product review above, you may be wondering what real customers have to say about the Kosas cosmetics line. Add to bag. ($140.00 per ounce). Super creamy. BestReviews and its newspaper partners may earn a commission if you purchase a product through one of our links. Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. @Ispend2much6 I bet you smell amazing . The concept is based on the belief that every individual has five layers that cross and communicate with one another; A physical layer. And not only that but we also had ophthalmic surgeon, Dr Elizabeth Hawkes weigh in with all the facts. because we recognize their potential for irritation and don't think they are beneficial for your microbiome.. Reminder: dont pick. Press space or enter to open more details. ZGEyOTYwZDc2N2IwNDhhN2E5NGQyYWIwNDViMjczMTBmYWVjNDFlMjM5YTFh "Their preservative includes potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and phenethyl alcohol. Enjoy all day natural transformative beauty. Whats the old saying a lie can run halfway round the world while the truth is still putting its shoes on. You're so welcome.. Many clean beauty products, including Kosas' concealer, list expiration dates as soon as six months after their on-sale date. Klicken Sie auf Einstellungen verwalten um weitere Informationen zu erhalten und Ihre Einstellungen zu verwalten. 20 products Grow Potion - Fluffy Brow + Lash Boosting Serum 3.5ml Kosas 45.00 Good Body Skin AHA + Enzyme Exfoliating Body Wash 275ml Kosas 21.00 I had to give the Kosas a second chance as well cause I found it too powdery with my more dewy foundations yet it works wonderfully with satin finishes and matte foundations! The neutral hues include Electric, Simmer, Heat, Blaze, Fiery, and Smolder to give the classic no-makeup makeup look. Sort by: Relevance. It comes in a liquid formula with an applicator, and it does not require any brush or instruction guides. Here are the Kosas concealer dupes perfect for achieving the clean girl makeup look, for an affordable price. It's $26 for 0.27 ounces. Also, in 2019, the brand won the Allure Best of Beauty Award for Clean Beauty. If youre a recurring user, you can sign up for Kosas SMS to get 10% off your next purchase. The fewer preservatives there are in water-rich formulas, the faster . Can you smell yours and let me know? Kosas Revealer Concealer, $28; kosas.com. While Kosas prides itself in offering animal-friendly products made with clean and undone ingredients, the brand does not market itself as an eco-friendly, sustainable brand. Covers and helps reduce the appearance of dark circles, but still fully looks like your skin. NDljNTAxOTkwZDI1M2QxYjQyOTI5MTA0N2VlZjFhNTdkZjYyOTFhYzlhNzU0 They also do not supply their products to retail stores in china since they require animal testing for cosmetic products. MzM5NTk3ZDU3ZWVjMTEzNjliYTViNmU5Yjc5MTkzOTRiMDJiODAzYjhjMDcx It feels like velvet upon application and then settles into a natural dewy finish., There are also Kosas products reviews on Influenster that mirror customers opinions on Sephora. There's no way to know what pH level the concealer was formulated at, but Romanowski explains that above a pH of 5.0, the preservatives that Kosas formulates with don't work as intended. Allergy tested. To begin with, Kosas offers cosmetics products that mainly cater to womens needs based on the personal understanding of womens struggles with makeup and skincare. It is very easy to apply, a common trait with all Kosas cosmetics products. Fast forward 9 months later, I started to notice a blue cheese smell. Over on the brand's TikTok account, the comment section was swimming with people sharing their experiences of noticing funny smells and finding mould in the concealers. OTZjMWNhNWFiYmVjMGQ4NTNkZjc3ODI0NmFkYWFhYTk3OWJiZTI4NGU2N2U1 So, if that product sits in a warehouse or on a shelf for a while before being bought, it might be closer to expiration at that point. Which was nice but if this concealer grows mold that fast dont people have a right to know about it? Despite the evidence to the contrary, some people remain leery about synthetic preservatives, which is why clean beauty brands tend to eschew them. The concealer contains a built-in eye cream along with ingredients like hyaluronic acid, . Kosas Revealer Super Creamy + Brightening Concealer 20% OFF ANY 60 WITH CODE: RESET 4.26 Stars 31 Reviews 31 29.30 ADD TO BAG Kosas Tinted Face Oil 20% OFF ANY 60 WITH CODE: RESET 4.2 Stars 10 Reviews 10 45.20 ADD TO BAG Kosas The Sun Show Moisturizing Baked Bronzer 4.0 Stars 11 Reviews 11 36.10 ADD TO WISHLIST Kosas Color + Light Crme Those looking for a full-coverage concealer may find that this concealer doesnt offer enough coverage. Get a Mini Air Brow Clear with orders $70+. Kosas, a makeup brand focused on "clean" beauty, is under fire after a months-old Reddit post about a consumer finding mold in its concealer resurfaced on TikTok raising questions among consumers over the clean beauty movement sweeping the makeup industry. Kosas brightening concealer smell (?!) In 2015, Sheena Yaitanes launched Kosas due to her dedication to free, easy, unrestricted beauty that celebrates simplicity and defies convention. The idea of the brand is based on the Vedantic philosophy on the Kosas concept of self. ODcyZWNhNWUwNzFmNWYzMThkNjMyZmUzNTJmNTI1NTdjNzFhYzVjMzU2ZDRj Tip: Use about 4-6 drops for fuller coverage. (There is no governmental regulation on what products qualify as "clean" and what ingredients those products exclude, though its generally associated with formulas that do not contain certain chemicals and synthetic materials that are potentially harmful to the body and environment.).