/Resources << /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /Properties << The 1988 Education Reform Act was based on the principles of making schools more competitive (marketisation) and giving parents choice (parentocracy). /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 36 0 obj >> >> /F4 123 0 R >> /Subtype /XML By Cyril John Barlongo. /Font << /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 41 However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . However, no matter the intention, there are disadvantages of inclusive education as well. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Page It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R endobj 0000009252 00000 n << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 57 0 obj >> /TT0 120 0 R /Annots [127 0 R] /Font << /Resources << Poverty Reduction. /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R endobj >> >> /ExtGState << /Properties << /Properties << /Type /Page >> /Parent 3 0 R 103 0 obj << << /Properties << /MC0 129 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /Rotate 0 >> >> /Next 307 0 R >> >> >> 87 0 obj /Font << /Type /Page /Properties << >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Thirty years ago, a single piece of legislation transformed the schools landscape, launching a national curriculum and key-stage testing, and devolving power from local authorities to heads. 105 0 obj /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /StructParents 34 /Font << /TT2 226 0 R A market is always going to have winners and losers. /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> 18 0 obj >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 106 0 obj /StructParents 0 >> /TT0 120 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] /MC0 129 0 R The Middle Classes have more effective choice because of their higher incomes, The Middle classes have more effective choice because of their greater cultural and social capital, Schools become more selective they are more likely to want pupils who are likely to do well. >> >> trailer /Font << endobj 0000001418 00000 n /TT1 226 0 R endobj /Parent 10 0 R /Parent 19 0 R Approximately . /Font << /Font << /Rotate 0 /TT2 159 0 R /Contents 224 0 R /Resources << >> The aim of OFSTED is to drive up standards. . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R Ball, Bowe & Gerwitz investigated to see what impact the policies were having. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /MC0 129 0 R >> endobj /Rotate 0 /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << endobj /Properties << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 1988 CHAPTER 40. << /MC0 129 0 R /Prev 308 0 R >> /Rotate 0 This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /MC0 129 0 R 115 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Length 963 >> >> /Parent 12 0 R >> 0000006904 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Font << /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << Access to better education. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 21 806 8067 22 54 0 obj /Type /Page /TT2 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Was the ERA a success or a failure? << /Resources << >> /ExtGState << /Resources << The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. /Type /Page >> >> /Count 90 << /Properties << /Font << >> /Font << /StructParents 56 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 << /Rotate 0 /Contents 242 0 R /Pages 2 0 R /Properties << >> /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 46 >> Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 257 0 R Students who go to sink schools stand little hope of doing well. /Properties << >> /MC0 129 0 R >> >> (NB another aim of the New Right in education was to ensure that education equipped children with the skills for work, thus contributing to economic growth). 9 0 obj /ExtGState << Grant-maintained status was created by the Education Reform Act 1988, as part of the programme of the Conservative government to create greater diversity in educational provision and to weaken the influence of local education authorities.. GM schools would be owned and managed by their own boards of school governors, rather than the local authority. >> >> Theoretical shortcomings of the thesis are identified, and a reformulated version is suggested which incorporates resistances into the analysis of the education system. /StructParents 32 /MC0 129 0 R The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Font << /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 75 0 obj /Font << /TT0 120 0 R We will write a custom Essay on Evaluation of Advantages and Disadvantages of Approaches to Curriculum Design specifically for you . 0000000994 00000 n endobj /StructParents 61 /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /StructParents 1 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << >> /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 15 0 R >> 1 0 obj << << /Type /Page /TT3 159 0 R /Resources << 90 0 obj /Kids [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R] >> /Properties << endobj 29 0 obj The Education Reform Act 1988 (ERA) is regarded by many as the most important piece of legislation since the Education Act 1994. /StructParents 38 /TT0 120 0 R >> 98 0 obj /ExtGState << /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R Over the following pages, three people who were directly involved . /Rotate 0 /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /ExtGState << Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. The tables are published in many newspapers and online. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). Disadvantages. >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page /TT2 231 0 R /ExtGState << /Properties << Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. >> 23 0 obj /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 29 /StructParents 51 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Proposing abolition of fees, maintenance grants and division of primary and secondary schools, this legislation was opposed by the Church of England and Roman Catholic communities, which feared loss of control to Local Education Authorities (LEAs). /ExtGState << /Parent 9 0 R >> /Contents 281 0 R >> >> /Parent 14 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /First 18 0 R /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << The education reform movement as we have known it is over. /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 12 /TT2 159 0 R Learn how your comment data is processed. >> Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /Contents 236 0 R /Type /OCG 53 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R Source: DAR Studies find that benefits such as improved . >> /TT1 121 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R Parents at that time had almost no say in which schools their children would be sent to and children were typically sent to their local school. >> << >> /Parent 2 0 R 32 0 obj /Parent 15 0 R /ExtGState << /Contents 158 0 R endobj /Rotate 0 /Font << >> /Count 10 >> /Rotate 0 /StructParents 57 /TT1 121 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 273 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /StructParents 76 . /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 16 0 obj >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R >> /Title /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 38 0 obj >> << >> 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R] Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /StructParents 23 >> %%EOF endobj /Parent 16 0 R /ExtGState << /Resources << >> /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Parent 16 0 R >> Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 237 0 R endobj >> /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R As a result, the basic structure of our standing education system was instituted. /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000052072 00000 n /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Properties << 3 /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 0000003916 00000 n x?a*""/T HpO=Ua.qKKYSe,UO0]vem3__)S_TROatNSa`\BQrLlL$xpH9xV6rzN[#xPC*m !E|HRoD>KxkI]h*p]+GcB-sr)4v#%U_J~ +Esz3a7/bf!UI0Y>_x4&X!)zX /Rotate 0 /TT1 121 0 R 82 0 obj endobj /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 48 >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R *SJj4Tf /Properties << /Parent 12 0 R endobj People are denied an education because of where they live, who they are, and how much money they have. << >> >> /TT1 159 0 R The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /ExtGState << /Properties << endobj >> /StructParents 81 /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /Properties << 28. /Font << /Parent 9 0 R >> /Type /Page /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R /Font << Not all students learn at the same pace or have the same skills mastered, particularly those with learning disabilities. /TT2 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000001632 00000 n /Properties << /Rotate 0 /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R endobj /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /Properties << /Dest [103 0 R /XYZ 0 751 null] Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. << /OCProperties << /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. /Resources << /Contents 268 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R Although the number of these class-rooms has declined recently, many educa- /Type /Page >> >> /Rotate 0 /Font << endobj /Font << >> /Resources << 43 0 obj They will maintain the schools position in the league tables and its status in the education market. A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. /Resources << /ExtGState << /Resources << /Parent 11 0 R /Properties << >> /Contents 294 0 R The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. The aim of this policy is to raise standards. B 'Bad' schools would lose . /Font << << >> /StructParents 50 How do I view content? . The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. << >> 26 0 obj /ExtGState << << /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . 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