They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech. Earwax buildup (cerumen) can occlude sound from passing through to the middle ear. There are four types of spina bifida. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. Otherwise, the term intellectually disabled is acceptable. Healthyplace.com has I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Background: Diversability is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, a disability rights advocate. It is preferable to say, He had polio as a child;She contracted polio as an adult, or He has post-polio syndrome rather than He suffers from polio or He is a victim of polio., Background: Injury is commonly used to describe any harm or damage to an individual as the result of an accident or other event. For example, if I say that I am hearing-impaired, people may get the impression that Im incapable of something. Journalists also may want to include such warnings in material distributed to a general audience. Disability advocate Anthony Pulrang defines ableism in this way in an article for Forbes: Any statement or behavior directed at a disabled person that denigrates or assumes a lesser status for the person because of their disability. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. With identity-first language, the disability is mentioned first. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not say someone has had a seizure unless there has been a medical diagnosis. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Raisingdeafkids.org has a good list of related resources and more information. Use non-disabled or people without disabilities instead of healthy, able-bodied, normal or whole.. AP style: The stylebook uses deaf to describe a person with total hearing loss and partially deaf or partial hearing loss for others. A nonverbal person would theoretically communicate with the help of a facilitator by typing on a keyboard, pointing to an image, or pointing to letters on an alphabet board. The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders consolidates all autism disorders under the larger autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. Stroke. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. AAC may be used on second reference. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. They may include: Slurred speech. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. AP Style: The style book suggests a content warning at the top of stories when the subject matter may be considered offensive or disturbing, but the story does not contain quoted profanity, obscenities or vulgarities. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Why is it often considered more PC to say "Hard of Hearing" instead? These conditions begin during the developmental period of life, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a persons lifetime.. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. Instead, state the nature of the disability or injury. NCJD Recommendation: Use person who has a cleft palate. Avoid harelip., Background: A cochlear implant is an electronic device that can improve understanding of speech for some people who are deaf or hard of hearing. The center recommends against using the term harelip as it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. NCDJ Recommendation: Neurodiversity can be used as a way of describing someone on the autism spectrum, but because its a relatively new term, consider offering the definition when you use it, particularly in work meant for a mainstream audience. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. If you are in doubt about how to refer to a person, ask the person. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. In the past, we have encouraged journalists and others to use person-first language (such as, a person who has Down syndrome rather than a Down syndrome person) as a default. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. WebApraxia. Even with the caveat that this does not apply to all, we have heard from many people with disabilities who take issue with that advice. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. NCDJ Recommendation: Someone with an amputation is generally acceptable. Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. According to Psychology Today, it is a rare condition that may be associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but AP refers to paraplegia in its general disability entry. It is characterized by unusually intense shifts in emotion, energy, behavior and activity levels in what are called mood episodes. Such episodes are usually classified as manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed episodes. For example, a person may be able to describe having low central or peripheral vision. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment. Those with an ADHD diagnosis may also exhibit difficulty sitting still or engaging in quiet activities. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. Typical can be a better choice. Background: Catatonia is a state in which a person does not move and does not respond to others. It is a negative commotation. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. So why do some get offended by the term? It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. This is increasingly tricky turf. Psychologist: A mental health professional trained in the discipline of psychology and who often does psychological testing and research. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Plain English or Plain Language but confirm with the source that that is the correct terminology. AP style: The stylebook says injuries may be suffered, sustained or received.. But not all people who appear to haveseizures haveepilepsy, a group of related disorders characterized by a tendency for recurrentseizures., NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having epilepsy only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. Other terms are acceptable for those with some vision loss. Most are proud to be Deaf. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid terms like disorder or defect, which are considered derogatory. Some consider it condescending, offensive or simply a way of avoiding talking about disability. Too Much to Drink. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Instead, be as specific as possible. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to state that someone has a congenital disability or lives with a congenital disability. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. For example, They found the election results depressing.. NCDJ Recommendation: Non-disabled or does not have a disability are acceptable terms when referring to people who do not identify as having a disability. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. The word special in relationship to those with disabilities is now widely considered offensive because it euphemistically stigmatizes that which is different. When quoting or paraphrasing a person who has signed their responses, its appropriate on first reference to indicate that the responses were signed. It does not involve split personalities. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with a brain injury or person with a traumatic brain injury rather than brain damaged, which is considered derogatory. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms high functioning and low functioning. Instead, use medical diagnoses and describe an individuals abilities and challenges, rather than using less-specific labels. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having autistic spectrum disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Advocacy groups call it death with dignity or right-to-die, but AP does use those phrases on their own. Referring to someone who does not have a disability as a normal person implies that people with disabilities are deviant or strange. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), It is typically caused by a spinal cord or brain injury. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Thus, deafness may be viewed as a condition that prevents an individual from receiving sound in all or most of its forms. To declare This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. NCDJ Recommendation: Terms such as battle and survivor are still widely accepted and understood, but the user should be aware that they could offend some people. The term vegetative state is preferable to vegetable or veg, but it is considered offensive by some and is frequently misused. Background: The Oxford English Dictionary defines neurodiversity as the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of the normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autism spectrum disorders). The word was coined in the late 1990s. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. 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